A board-only organization is one that is managed by a board that is self-appointed or otherwise not accountable (for all practical purposes) to a base of members through elections, a delegate body, etc. The growing trend to switch toward this type of structure is controversial. O'Regan & Oster have found that large, more representative nonprofit boards score well on a number of indicators.^[1] Ostrower found that organizations with at least one governing body member directly elected by membership perform better on a number of governance indicators.^[2] However, some organizations are finding it difficult to maintain a membership-based structure in the wake of increasingly difficult-to-meet requirements for such organizations under the Model Nonprofit Corporation Act.

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