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Blowing an ox horn in a Basque festival

The blowing horn or winding horn is a sound device by and large shaped like a horn or actually a cattle or other animal horn arranged to blow from a hole in the pointed end of it. (See also, "Side Blown Horns") This rudimentary device had in former times a variety of functions in many countries where nowadays has lost ground to modern society, in most cases reducing its scope to exhibiting, celebratory or group identification purposes. On the other hand, it has kept its function and profile in many cattle raising, agricultural and fruit gathering/hunter societies.

[edit] Types of horns

The horn attributed to the Tenth Century Magyar chiefrain Lehel, kept in Jászberény, Hungary.

The oldest ones were wood and animal horns (usually ovids and bovids). Yet the fact remains that earliest findings in Europe are metal made horns (Bronze Age) on the strength of its better endurance of the rigour of time. As a result, previous traces of other materials have vanished, so the oldest surviving animal horn dates back to the late Iron Age in Visnum, Sweden^[1]. As big horned animals are rarely found in Scandinavia, blowing horns are often made from wood, wound birch bark or bout, called a "lur".

[edit] Uses

Many horns have been used as sounding cries by ancient societies. A modern day descendant of the horn, the bugle, is used to call out orders in military camps. The hunting horn was used to flush game and is still used today in some places.

In Biscay, territory of the Basque Country, following the trail of an old tradition, a practice is being restored to blow the horn from five specific mountains of the province on a yearly basis. These mountains, namely Gorbea (4,859 ft.), Sollube (2,251 ft), Oiz (3,376 ft.), Ganekogorta (3,274 ft) and Kolitza (2,884 ft) are dubbed the montes bocineros, meaning the 'hornblower mounts'. According to historic evidence, up to the late XVI^th century the Biscayne were summoned to the General Council of the Domain of Biscay to be held in the town of Gernika by playing horns from the summits.

A like function may be attributed to the pututu, the sound instrument from the Andes. The device, usually made of a shell or hollowed out cow horn, is used to summon people to a meeting or a festival. In the Inca period, the messengers spreading throughout Empire known as chaski carried along a pututu, which was blown to herald their arrival to a particular place.

[edit] Religion

One of the more widespread uses for blowing horns today is the shofar, a ram or Kudu horn with a hole drilled through it. The shofar is used mainly for Jewish ceremonies such as Rosh Hashana. Horns are sometimes used in the the other two abrahamic religions also. Similarly, the dungchen is a ritual horn used in Tibetan Buddhism.

[edit] Also see

• The shells of some large sea snails are blown like a horn, see Conch.

[edit] References

1. ^ "Blowing horns". Ancient Music. http://www.ancientmusic.co.uk/ancientinstruments/Blowing_Horns.html. Retrieved 2008-01-29. 

[edit] External links

• Educational web page on the Basque hornblower mountains Article in Spanish