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"Big Ten" redirects here. For other uses, see Big Ten (disambiguation).
The Big Ten Conference is the United States' oldest Division I college athletic conference. Its eleven member institutions are located primarily in the Midwestern United States, stretching from Iowa and Minnesota in the west to Pennsylvania in the east. The conference competes in the NCAA's Division I; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS; formerly known as Division I-A), the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport. Member schools of the Big Ten also are members of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation, a leading educational consortium. Despite the conference's name, since Penn State joined in 1990, there have been 11 schools in the Big Ten, as signified by the hidden "11" in the Big Ten Conference logo (each "1" is on either side of the "T" in "Ten").
[edit] MembersSee also: List of Big Ten National Championships The Big Ten is the only Division I conference to have all of its member institutions affiliated with the Association of American Universities, a prestigious collection of 60 research institutions, and leads all conferences in the total amount of research expenditures. All or most member schools participate in baseball, men's and women's basketball, cross country, field hockey, football, golf, gymnastics, indoor and outdoor track and field, rowing, men's and women's soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, women's volleyball and wrestling.
 [edit] EndowmentMain article: List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment
[edit] Membership timeline
[edit] HistoryOn January 11, 1895, the presidents of the University of Chicago, the University of Illinois, Lake Forest College, the University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, Purdue University and the University of Wisconsin met in Chicago to discuss the regulation and control of intercollegiate athletics. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the main topics of discussion.[8] The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a second meeting on February 8, 1896.[9] Lake Forest was not at the 1896 meeting that established the conference and was replaced by the University of Michigan. At the time, the organization was more commonly known as the Western Conference, consisting of Purdue, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Chicago, and Northwestern. The first reference to the conference as the Big Nine was in 1899 after Iowa and Indiana had joined. In January 1908, Michigan and the conference parted ways. Ohio State was added to the conference in 1912. The first reference to the conference as the Big Ten was in November 1917 after Michigan rejoined following a nine-year absence. The conference was again known as the Big Nine after the University of Chicago decided to de-emphasize varsity athletics just after World War II. Chicago discontinued its football program in 1939 and withdrew from the conference in 1946 after struggling to gain victories in many conference matchups. It was believed that one of several schools, notably Pittsburgh, Nebraska, Michigan State, Marquette, Notre Dame, and Iowa State would replace Chicago at the time.[10] On May 20, 1949,[9] Michigan State ended the speculation by joining and the conference was again known as the Big Ten. The Big Ten's membership would remain unchanged for the next 40 years. The conference’s official name throughout this period remained the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives. It did not formally adopt the name Big Ten until 1987, when it was incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation. In 1990, the Big Ten universities voted to expand the conference to 11 teams, and extended an invitation to Penn State, which it accepted.[11] When Penn State joined in 1990, it was decided that the conference would continue to be called the Big Ten, but its logo was modified to reflect the change; the number 11 is disguised in the white areas of the traditionally blue "Big Ten" lettering. Following the addition of previously independent Penn State, efforts were made to encourage the University of Notre Dame, the last remaining non-service academy independent, to join the league. Early in the 20th century, Notre Dame had sought official entry into the Big Ten but was never extended an invitation.[12] However, in 1999, both Notre Dame and the Big Ten entered into private negotiations concerning a possible membership that would include Notre Dame. Although the Notre Dame faculty senate endorsed the idea with a near unanimous vote, the ND board of trustees decided against joining the conference and Notre Dame ultimately withdrew from negotiations. [3] Around 1993, it was also explored by the league to add Kansas, Missouri, and Rutgers, or other potential schools to create a 14-team league with two divisions.[13] These talks died when the Big 8 Conference merged with former Southwest Conference members to create the Big 12. Other possible universities that have gained favor for any possible expansion for the 12th spot in the conference include:
These schools all belong to rival BCS conferences. The six BCS conferences are, overall, roughly on an equal footing with each other. It is uncertain whether any of the schools listed would be interested in membership in the Big Ten conference. Due to a requirement of the Big Ten bylaws, any expansion must be within, or next to, current Big Ten territory (although, like all bylaws, this could be amended by conference vote). Due to the addition of the Big Ten Network, expansion talks have been revisited. Expansion could mean adding a conference championship football game and adding a school in or near a large TV market, greatly aiding the Big Ten Network's marketability[15]. It is likely academics will also play an important role in any potential 12th school being invited into the conference. One other requirement for Big Ten adoption is membership in the very exclusive Association of American Universities, an organization of the top doctoral research institutions of Canada and the United States. [edit] CommissionersThe office of the commissioner of athletics was created in 1922 "to study athletic problems of the various member universities and assist in enforcing the eligibility rules which govern Big Ten athletics."[8]
[edit] FootballSee also: 2009 Big Ten Conference football season [edit] Bowl gamesSince 1946, the Big Ten champion has had a tie-in with the Rose Bowl game, now a BCS bowl. The Big Ten also has tie-ins with six non-BCS bowls.
Beginning with the 2010 football season, the Big Ten will have a new postseason alignment:
[edit] Bowl selection proceduresAlthough the pick order usually corresponds to the conference standings, the bowls are not required to make their choices strictly according to the won-lost records; many factors influence bowl selections, especially the turnout of the fans for past bowl games. Picks are made after BCS selections; the bowl with the #2 pick will have the first pick of the remaining teams in the conference. The Capital One, Outback, Alamo and Champs Sports Bowls can select any eligible team except a team that has two fewer wins or two more losses than another eligible team. The Insight and Motor City Bowls have no such restrictions, but if two Big Ten teams are selected by BCS bowls, the Alamo and Champs Sports Bowls also do not have that restriction. However, the bowls cannot select a 6-6 team if a 7-5 or better team is not selected by a Big Ten-affiliated bowl.[27][28] [edit] Marching bandsBig Ten football games are also well known for the participation and excellence of the Big Ten Conference universities' marching bands. Nine of the eleven participating Big Ten Conference universities have won the Sudler Trophy, the most prestigious award a collegiate marching band can receive. The first three trophies were all awarded to Big Ten conference members, and the Big Ten boasts more Sudler Trophy award winners than any other conference. During the pre-game show performance, the marching band of a Big Ten Conference university has the tradition of playing the opposing team's fight song. The origin of this tradition is from the Big Ten's Purdue University where the "All-American" Marching Band became the first school in history to play their opponent's fight song.[29][30] [31] See also: Big Ten Conference football champions [edit] Men's basketballSee also: 2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season and 2010 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament The Big Ten has participated in basketball since 1904, and has led the nation in attendance every season since 1978.[32] It has been a national powerhouse in men's basketball, having multiple championship winners and often sending four or more teams to the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament. Previous NCAA champions include Indiana with five titles, Michigan State with two, and Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ohio State with one each.[33] Ohio State played in the first NCAA tournament national championship game in 1939, losing to Oregon. Despite this, Jimmy Hull of Ohio State was the first NCAA tournament MVP. The first three tournament MVP's came from the Big Ten (Marv Huffman of Indiana in 1940 and John Katz of Wisconsin in 1941). Big Ten teams have also experienced success in the postseason NIT. Since 1974, 13 Big Ten teams have made it to the championship game, winning eight championships. NIT champions from the Big Ten include Michigan and Ohio State with two, and Indiana, Minnesota, Penn State, and Purdue with one each. In addition, the Helms Athletic Foundation recognizes Illinois as the 1915 National Champions, Minnesota as the 1902 and 1919 National Champions, Northwestern as the 1931 National Champion, Purdue as the 1932 National Champions, and Wisconsin as the 1912, 1914 and 1916 National Champions. Since 1999, the Big Ten has taken part in the ACC–Big Ten Challenge with the Atlantic Coast Conference. The ACC holds an 10-0 record against the Big Ten, and Michigan State is the only Big Ten school with a winning record in the challenge. [edit] NCAA tournament champions, runners-up and locations† denotes overtime games. Multiple †'s indicate more than one overtime. [edit] Post-season NIT championships
[edit] Women's basketballWomen's basketball teams have played a total of nine times in the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship (since 1982) and Women's National Invitation Tournament (since 1998). Big Ten women's teams have also led conference attendance from 1993-1999.[34] [edit] NCAA tournament champions, runners-up and locations
[edit] Women's National Invitation Tournament championship games
[edit] Rivalries[edit] Big Ten footballSee also: 2009 Big Ten Conference football season The members of the Big Ten have longstanding rivalries with each other, especially on the football field. Each school has at least one traveling trophy at stake. Some Big Ten rivalries include (with their respective traveling trophy in parentheses):
Furthermore, the Big Ten football schedule is set up with each team having two permanent rivalries within the conference, with the other eight teams in the conference rotating out of the schedule in pairs for two-year stints. Permanent rivalries are as follows:
[edit] Big Ten BasketballSee also: 2008–09 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season and 2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season Indiana and Purdue have a heated rivalry in college basketball between the two schools with the most Big Ten basketball championships, winning 41 times between the two schools. Michigan State and Wisconsin also have a recent venomous rivalry - Michigan State beat Wisconsin in the 2000 Final Four en route to their national championship. In 2008 the unranked Spartans upset the top-ranked Badgers in East Lansing, further adding to the rivalry. In the most recent big game between the two, Michigan State beat the Badgers in East Lansing, in the only meeting of the season. However, the Badgers under head coach Bo Ryan have beaten Tom Izzo's Spartans eleven times. Izzo has led MSU to only four victories against Wisconsin during this time-span. In recent years, Illinois and Michigan State have also enjoyed some competitive rivalry matches with each other, particularly during the season of 2004-2005, when both Illinois and Michigan State made it to the Final Four. [edit] Extra-conference rivalriesPurdue, Michigan State and Michigan are among the Big Ten football teams that have rivalries with Notre Dame. After the University of Southern California with 28 wins, the Michigan State Spartans have the winningest record against the Irish, with 27. The Purdue Boilermakers follow with 26. Penn State had a longstanding rivalry with Pittsburgh of the Big East, but the two schools have not met since 2000. Penn State also had long histories with independent Notre Dame; West Virginia, Syracuse, and Rutgers of the Big East; Maryland and Boston College of the ACC; and Temple, of the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Penn State also has strong intrastate rivalries with Patriot League universities Bucknell in men's basketball and men's lacrosse, and Lehigh in wrestling. Most of these rivalries were cultivated while Penn State operated independent of conference affiliation; the constraints of playing a full conference schedule, especially in football, have reduced the number of meetings between Penn State and its non-Big Ten rivals. Iowa has an in-state rivalry with Iowa State, with the winner getting the Cy-Hawk Trophy. Iowa also holds rivalries in basketball with Drake and Northern Iowa. Indiana has an out-of conference rivalry with Kentucky, but the rivalry has a much higher profile in basketball than in football. Illinois has a longstanding basketball rivalry with Missouri, with the two men's teams squaring off annually in the "Braggin' Rights" game in St. Louis. This rivalry has been carried over into football as "The Arch Rivalry" with games played at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis in 2002 and 2003 and four games scheduled from 2007 to 2010.[4] Wisconsin has a long-standing, in-state basketball rivalry with Marquette. The series has intensified as of late with both teams having made the Final Four in recent years. The schools also played an annual football game before Marquette abandoned its football program in 1961. In the early days of the Big Ten, the Chicago-Michigan game was played on Thanksgiving, usually with conference championship implications and was considered one of the first major rivalries of the conference. Also in the early days of the conference, and at Knute Rockne's insistence, Northwestern and Notre Dame had a yearly contest, with the winner taking home a shillelagh, much like the winner of the USC-Notre Dame and Purdue-Notre Dame contests now receive. The Northwestern-Notre Dame shillelagh was largely forgotten by the early 1960s and is now solely an element of college football's storied past.[35] [edit] Conference facilitiesThe Big Ten has the distinction of being the conference with the most stadiums seating over 100,000, at three (Beaver Stadium, Michigan Stadium, and Ohio Stadium.). There are only two other stadiums of that size in college football. They are Neyland Stadium at the University of Tennessee in the Southeastern Conference and Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium at the University of Texas at Austin in the Big 12 Conference. The three stadiums are the three largest stadiums in the List of American football stadiums by capacity, as well as, third, fourth, and sixth in the list of the largest sports stadiums in the world. [edit] MediaOn June 21, 2006, the Big Ten announced new television broadcast agreements. This involved a 10-year extension of its contract with ABC/ESPN as well as the formation of a brand new television station, the Big Ten Network. The Big Ten Network began broadcasting on August 30, 2007, "dedicated to covering both the athletic and academic content of the Big Ten member institutions on a national level". [37] The Big Ten Network represents a 20-year partnership between the Big Ten and Fox. It will be majority-owned by the Big Ten Conference, with Fox holding a minority interest. The official network name and logo were announced on October 12, 2006.[38] The conference announced previously that it is continuing its relationship with CBS and ESPN for network broadcasts in basketball. Games on Big Ten Network replace the previous contract with ESPN Plus. On April 2, 2009, Ohio State signed a 10-year media-rights agreement with IMG College and RadiOhio, worth nearly $128 million, the largest such agreement in college sports.[39] [edit] See also
[edit] References
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