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Berry Gordy, Jr.[1] (born November 28, 1929) is an American record producer, and the founder of the Motown record label, as well as its many subsidiaries.
[edit] Motown Record CorporationGordy reinvested his songwriting success into producing. In 1957, he discovered The Miracles (originally known as The Matadors) and began building a portfolio of successful artists. On December 12, 1959, At Miracles leader Smokey Robinson's encouragement, Gordy borrowed an $800 loan from his family to create an R&B label called Tamla Records on December 14, 1959, which produced Marv Johnson's first hit, "Come To Me." This was picked up for national distribution by United Artists Records who also released the artist's more successful follow-up records such as "You Got What It Takes", co-produced and co-written by Gordy. Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)," after initially appearing on Tamla, charted on Gordy's sister's label Anna Records from February 1960. The Miracles' hit "Shop Around" peaked nationally at #1 on the R&B charts in late 1960 and at #2 on the Billboard pop charts on, January 16, 1961 (#1 Pop, Cash Box), and established Motown as an independent company worthy of notice. Later in 1961, The Marvelettes "Please Mr Postman" made it to the top of both charts. In 1960, Gordy formed Motown Records as a second label, signed an unknown named Mary Wells who became the fledging label's first star with Smokey Robinson's penned hits like "You Beat Me to the Punch", "Two Lovers" and "My Guy". The Tamla and Motown labels was merged into a new company Motown Record Corporation which was incorporated on April 14, 1960. Gordy did not cultivate white artists, although some were signed, such as Nick and the Jaguars, Chris Clark, Rare Earth, The Valadiers, Debbie Dean and Connie Haines. Kiki Dee became the first white female British singer to be signed to the Motown label. He also employed many white workers and managers at the company's headquarters, named Hitsville U.S.A., on Detroit's West Grand Boulevard. He largely promoted African-American artists but carefully controlled their public image, dress, manners and choreography for across-the-board appeal. His gift for identifying and bringing together musical talent, along with the careful management of his artists' public image, made Motown initially a major national and then international success. Over the next decade, he signed such artists as Mary Wells, The Supremes, Marvin Gaye, Jimmy Ruffin, The Temptations, The Four Tops, Gladys Knight & the Pips, The Commodores, The Velvelettes, Martha and the Vandellas, Stevie Wonder and The Jackson 5. [edit] Relocation to Los AngelesIn 1968, following the riots in Detroit, Gordy moved to Los Angeles, California, where he established expanded Motown offices. In June 1972, he closed Hitsville Studios and relocated the entire Motown Records company in Los Angeles. The following year, he reorganized the company as Motown Industries, an entertainment conglomerate that included record, movie, television and publishing divisions. In 1972, Gordy produced the commercially successful Billie Holiday biography Lady Sings the Blues, starring Diana Ross (who was nominated for an Academy Award) and Richard Pryor, and introducing Billy Dee Williams. Initially the studio, over Gordy's objections, rejected Williams after several screen tests. However, Gordy, known for his tenacity, eventually prevailed and the film established Williams as a star. (Williams would also go on to portray Gordy in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream.) Berry Gordy soon after produced and directed Mahogany, also starring Diana Ross. In 1985, he produced the cult martial arts film The Last Dragon, which starred martial artist Taimak and one of Prince's girls, Vanity. Although Motown continued to produce major hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s by artists like the Jacksons, Rick James, Lionel Richie and long-term signings, Stevie Wonder and Smokey Robinson, the record company was no longer the major force it had been previously. Gordy sold his interests in Motown Records to MCA and Boston Ventures on June 28, 1988 for $61 million. He also later sold most of his interests in the Jobete publishing concern to EMI Publishing. Gordy published an autobiography, To Be Loved, in 1994. [edit] Awards and accoladesGordy was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. Gordy was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1998. Gordy delivered the commencement address at Michigan State University on May 5, 2006 and at Occidental College on May 20, 2007. He received an honorary degree from each school. [edit] Statements about Motown artistsOn March 20, 2009, Gordy was in Hollywood, California, paying tribute to his first group, and first million-selling act, The Miracles,on their receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame. Speaking in tribute to the group,Gordy said "Without The Miracles, Motown would not be the Motown it is today" [1] [2] [3] [4]. He gave a speech during the Michael Jackson memorial service in Los Angeles on July 7, 2009. Gordy suggested that 'The King of Pop' was perhaps not the best description for Jackson in light of his achievements, rather calling him 'the greatest entertainer that has ever lived'. [edit] Personal lifeGordy—who married and divorced three times—has eight children: Hazel Joy, Berry Gordy IV, Terry James, Sherry, Kennedy{Rockwell}, Kerry, Rhonda Ross, and Stefan. His publishing company, Jobete was named after his three oldest children, Joy, Berry and Terry. With first wife Thelma Coleman he has children Hazel Joy, Berry Gordy IV, and Terry James. They married in 1944 and divorced in 1959. In Spring 1960 [2] he married second wife Raynoma Mayberry Liles [3][4] . Their son Kerry—born the previous year on June 25, 1959—is a music executive. They divorced in 1964. Kennedy Gordy born March 15, 1964 is the son of Berry Gordy and then mistress girlfriend Margaret Norton. Kennedy is better known as the Motown musician Rockwell. Rhonda Ross Kendrick born August 13, 1971 is the daughter of Gordy and the most successful female Motown artist, Diana Ross, with whom he had a long year relationship. Stefan Kendal Gordy, born September 3, 1975, is Gordy's son with Nancy Leiviska. He is also known as Redfoo of the Group LMFAO Sherry is his daughter by Jeena Jackson. After dating for eight years, Berry married Grace Eaton on July 17, 1990. They divorced three years later in 1993 [5]. He recently bought a retirement home in Palm Desert, California[citation needed]. [edit] References in popular culture
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Categories: 1929 births | Living people | African American musicians | Musicians from Detroit, Michigan | American music industry executives | American record producers | American songwriters | American autobiographers | Motown songwriters and producers | Gordy family | People from Detroit, Michigan | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees | United States Army soldiers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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