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Beary bashe ("Beary language") is a dialect spoken by the Muslim communities of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka known as Bearys(Byaris).[1] While Muslims of Uttara Kannada, called Nawayaths, speak a dialect of Konkani and Mappilas of Kerala speak Malayalam(Mappila Malayalam), Bearys spoke a language made of Malayalam idioms with Tulu phonology and grammar.[1]. This dialect was traditionally known as Mappila Malayalam because of Bearys' close contact with Mappilas.[1] Due to vast influence of Tulu for centuries, it is today considered as a language, close to both Malayalam and Tulu.[1]
[edit] FeaturesBeing a distant cousin of other dialects of Malayalam and surrounded by other linguistic groups for centuries, mainly Tulu and Kannada, the dialect exhibits ancient features as well as modern innovations not seen in other well known dialects of Malayalam.[2] Surrounded by Tulu speaking community, the impact of Tulu on the phonological, morphological and syntactical structure of the dialect is evident.[3] [edit] Distinction of ḻ, ṇ, ṟSounds peculiar to Malayalam such as 'ḻ', 'ṇ', 'ṟ' are not found in this dialect.[4] Even 'ḷ' and 'ṇ' are merged with l and n respectively.[4] The sound 'ṟ' is merged with r and tt, 'tt' to t.[5] This is same as case in Tulu.[5]
[edit] Distinction of ‘v’ and ‘b’The initial ‘v’ of standard Malayalam corresponds to initial ‘b’ of Beary bashe.[5] The same change has taken place in Tulu also.
[edit] Distinction of ‘a’ and ‘e’The final ‘a’ of standard Malayalam corresponds to the final ‘e’ in Beary bashe.[5]
[edit] Distinction of ‘n’ and ‘m’The word final ‘n’ and ‘m’ of standard Malayalam are dropped in Beary bashe.[5]
[edit] Degeminated consonantsGeminated consonants occurring after a long vowel and also after a second short vowel of a word in standard Malayalam get degeminated in Beary bashe.[6]
[edit] Loans from other languagesAs well as Malayalam and Tulu, we can see an influx from other languages, such as Tamil and Kannada.
[edit] Lexical relationsAlmost all lexical items in Beary bashe can be related to corresponding lexical items in Malayalam, Tulu or Perso-Arabic origin.[7] However, some equivalents can only be found in Mappila dialects of Malayalam in Kerala.[7] [edit] Personal terminations/suffixesVerbs in primitive Dravidian languages did not have any personal terminations.[8] Personal terminations of verbs observed in modern Dravidian languages are later innovations.[8] Malayalam is the only Dravidian language that does not show any personal terminations or suffixes to the verbs.[8] Malayalam verbs represent the primitive stage of Dravidian verbs.[8] The personal terminations found in Beary bashe may be a change borrowed from Tulu.[8] The Mappila Malayalam dialect of Malayalam does not show any personal terminations or suffixes to verbs.[8] Personal suffixes in Beary bashe closely resemble that of Tulu.[8], although the past tense in this dialect agree with the standard Malayalam in shape as well as the distribution of allomorphs in the suffix.[8] [edit] See also[edit] Notes
[edit] References
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