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Bayonne (pronounced BAY-own) is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States, south of Jersey City. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 61,842. The Census Bureau's 2006 population estimate for Bayonne is 57,886, a decrease of 6.4% from 2000.[2] According to tradition, the city derives its name from the Basque city of Bayonne in France. It is said that French Huguenots settled there some time before New Amsterdam was founded. French-speaking Walloons were a large percentage of the population of New Netherland during the mid-seventeenth century and may have given the name. However, there are no historical records to prove this. A 1904 history suggests that the area's developers named it Bayonne because it is on the shores of two bays, Newark and New York, hence Bay-on, or "on the Bays".[6] Bayonne was originally formed as a township on April 1, 1861, from portions of Bergen Township. Bayonne was reincorporated as a city by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 10, 1869, replacing Bayonne Township, subject to the results of a referendum held nine days later.[7]
[edit] HistoryBayonne was first home to the Lenape Native Americans before the arrival of Henry Hudson. Henry Hudson first sailed through the Kill Van Kull into Newark Bay in 1609, where it is said he dropped anchor at Birds' Point, now Constable Hook. Hudson claimed the area for the Netherlands. Then in 1646, Dutch West India Company gave John Jacobson Roy, chief gunner or konstapel at Fort Amsterdam, a grant of land later known as Constable Hook. Further expansion of the territory came in 1654 when Dutch Director-General Peter Stuyvesant gave out numerous land grants in the upper part of the peninsula (modern-day 30th street) which, was named Pamrapo. In 1661, the Bergen Township was formed by the Dutch which, stretched southward to Bergen Point. The area then came under British rule in 1664 after they defeated the Dutch for the area. In 1714, the Township of Bergen became one of three townships in the new County of Bergen. In 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, British and patriot forces clashed at Fort Delancy in what is now Bayonne.[8] In 1836, the Morris Canal which ran from Phillipsburg to Newark during the time, was extended to Bergen Neck to New York Bay. On March 15, 1861 the New Jersey Legislature approved unification of Bergen Point, Centerville, Salterville, and Constable Hook into the Township of Bayonne. The City of Bayonne was approved by the New Jersey Legislature in 1869. Industrial growth came to Constable Hook in 1872 when Standard Oil bought land there. Later, in 1875 Prentice Oil Company also established at Constable Hook. It would later be sold to a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad called Empire Transportation Company, a competitor of Standard Oil. Even more expansion came to Bayonne when Tide Water Oil Company, previously located in Pennsylvania, relocated. [edit] GeographyBayonne is located south of Jersey City on the Bergen Neck peninsula surrounded by New York Bay to the east, Newark Bay to the west, and the Kill van Kull to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29.1 km²), consisting of 5.6 square miles (14.6 km²) of land and 5.6 square miles (14.6 km²) or 50.04% of water. Communities within Bayonne include Bergen Point and Constable Hook.[9] [edit] ClimateBayonne, like New York City has a humid subtropical climate according to the Koppen climate classification. The climate in Bayonne is moderated by the nearby ocean and surrounding waters.
[edit] Demographics
According to the census[3] in 2000, there were 61,842 people, 25,545 households, and 16,016 families in the city. The population density was 10,992.2 people per square mile (4,241.1/km²). There were 26,826 housing units at an average density of 4,768.2/sq mi (1,839.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.64% white, 5.52% African American, 0.17% Native American, 4.14% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 7.46% from other races, and 4.02% from two or more races. Puerto Ricans or Latino of any race accounted for 17.81% of the population. Bayonne is a diverse city, with a large community of Latinos, Irish American, Polish Americans, and Italian Americans. According to the census in 2000, the ancestry of Bayonne residents was: Italian (20.1%), Irish (18.8%), Polish (17.9%), German (6.1%), Arab (3.8%), United States (2.5%).[14] There were 25,545 households, of which 28.3% had children under the age of 18, 42.8% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 3.10. 22.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.6%, 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household was $41,566, and the median income for a family was $52,413. Males had a median income of $39,790 versus $33,747 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,553. About 8.4% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.[14] [edit] Government[edit] Local governmentBayonne is governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government by a mayor and a five-member city council. The council has three members from wards and two elected at large, all of whom serve four-terms in office, elected concurrently in non-partisan elections.[15] The current mayor of Bayonne is Mark Smith, who won a special election in November 2008 to fill the unexpired term of former mayor Joseph Doria, who stepped down on September 18, 2007 to serve as commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Community Affairs.[16] Members of the Bayonne City Council are:[17]
[edit] Federal, state and county representationBayonne is split between the tenth and thirteenth Congressional districts and is part of New Jersey's 31st legislative district.[18] For the 2008-2009 legislative session, the 31st district of the New Jersey legislature is represented in the assembly by Bayonne's Anthony Chiappone. [edit] Education[edit] Public schoolsThe Bayonne Board of Education currently serves around 9,600 students from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. Schools in the district (with 2005-06 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[19]) are ten pre-k-8 elementary schools — Henry E. Harris No. 1 (710 students), Phillip G. Vroom No. 2 (405), Dr. Walter F. Robinson No. 3 (583), Mary J. Donohoe No. 4 (471), Lincoln No. 5 (471), Horace Mann No. 6 (603), Midtown Community School No. 8 (1,099), George Washington School No. 9 (688), Woodrow Wilson No. 10 (562) and John M. Bailey No. 12 (734) — P.S. #14, which is currently a neighborhood school for grades pre-K through 6, as well as for gifted and talented students in academics, the arts, and physical education and for students in grades 5 to 8. There is an application and interview process open to all children in the district to enter the gifted and talented program. Each year, 48 students are accepted into the program. Bayonne High School is the only public school in the state to have an on-campus ice rink for its hockey team.[20] For the 2004-05 school year, Mary J. Donohoe No. 4 School was named a "star school" by the New Jersey Department of Education, the highest honor a New Jersey school can achieve.[21] It is the fourth school in Bayonne to receive this honor. The other three are Bayonne High School in 1995-96,[22] Midtown Community School in 1996-97[23] and P.S. #14 in the 1998-99 school year.[24] Horace Mann No. 6 was also named one of the 2006 Just for the Kids Benchmark Schools.[25] P.S. 14 was named a National Blue Ribbon School in Fall 2008. [edit] Private schoolsPrivate high schools in Bayonne include Holy Family Academy and Marist High School. All Saints Catholic Academy and Beacon Christian Academy are private elementary schools in Bayonne. [edit] Transportation[edit] CarBayonne is connected to Staten Island, New York by the Bayonne Bridge. The Bayonne Bridge is lit in patriotic colors, red, white and blue, in the evenings, as a 9/11 memorial initiated by a then 8-year-old girl, Veronica Marie Granite, in the summer of 2002, with the assistance of then-municipal council member-at-large Maria Karczewski. The Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 78) provides access to Jersey City and, via the Holland Tunnel, to Manhattan. In the opposite direction on the Newark Bay Extension, the Newark Bay Bridge provides access to Newark, Newark Liberty International Airport and the rest of the Turnpike (Interstate 95). Route 440 runs along the east side of Bayonne, and the west side of Jersey City, following the old Morris Canal route. Although it has traffic lights, it is usually the quickest way to go north-south within Bayonne. It connects to the Bayonne Bridge, I-78, and to Route 185 to Liberty State Park. The Bayonne Bridge, which connects Bayonne to Staten Island, was completed in November 1931. At the time, it was the longest steel arch bridge.[26] Today, it is the third-longest such bridge, after the Lupu Bridge in Shanghai, China and the New River Gorge Bridge in West Virginia. [edit] BusBus transportation is provided on three main north-south streets of the city: Broadway, Kennedy Boulevard, and Avenue C, both by the New Jersey Transit operated by the state and several private bus lines. The Broadway line runs exclusively inside Bayonne city limits, while bus lines on Avenue C and Kennedy Boulevard run to various end points in Jersey City. One Kennedy Boulevard service, Coach USA 99S, runs to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in midtown Manhattan and rush hours peak direction. The NJ Transit 120 runs between Avenue C in Bayonne and Battery Park in Downtown Manhattan, while the 81 provides service to New Jersey.[27] [edit] Light RailThe Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, which was completed in 2000 currently has stops throughout Bayonne, Jersey City, Hoboken, Weehawken, Union City and North Bergen. Stations in Bayonne are:
The fourth station, 8th Street, which will be located at Avenue C, is under construction. Incidentally, all of these stations were the train stations for the old Central Railroad of New Jersey railway system. Service within Bayonne is available between these three stations. Northbound service from Bayonne runs through Jersey City, mostly near the waterfront, to Hoboken Terminal. Other parts of the system can be accessed via transfers. The Tonnelle Avenue (in North Bergen) and other stations north of Hoboken Terminal can also be reached by transferring at stations between Liberty State Park and Pavonia-Newport for the West Side Avenue-Tonnelle Avenue route, or at Hoboken Terminal for the Tonelle Avenue-Hoboken route. The Liberty State Park station is a transfer point for those traveling between Bayonne and stations on the West Side Avenue (Jersey City) line. Connection to PATH trains to midtown Manhattan and to New Jersey Transit commuter train service are available at Hoboken Terminal, and connections to PATH trains to midtown Manhattan are available at the Hoboken Terminal and Pavonia-Newport stations. Transfers to PATH trains to Newark, Harrison, and downtown Manhattan are available at Exchange Place. In 2005, eight PCC trolly cars from the Newark City Subway were given to the Bayonne to be rehabilitated and operated along the proposed 2.5-mile (4.0 km) loop to connect to the 34th Street station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail.[28] Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine joined a contingent of state and federal officials to announce on May 6, 2006 that funding was in place to extend the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail system to Eighth Street in Bayonne. With the engineering work nearly complete, work on the rail line and the station is expected to start by 2008 and should be complete by 2009.[29] [edit] Commerce[edit] Urban Enterprise ZonePortions of Bayonne are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate, as opposed to the 7% rate charged statewide.[30] [edit] Bayonne CrossingThe long-planned Bayonne Crossing, a power center to be located on Route 440, has finally gotten the green light to begin construction, according to a statement made by Michael O'Connor, executive director of the Bayonne Economic Development Corp. Cameron Group, the conditional developer for the site, will soon begin construction.[31] Announced tenants include anchor stores Walmart,[32] T.G.I. Friday's,[32] Best Buy, Lowe's Home Improvement, and New York Sports Club, as well as Starbucks Coffee, Sonic Drive-In, and Sleepys. This area also houses the foundation of VMware, a Palo Alto-based corporation (although it still has a significant presence in Bayonne). Plans formerly included a Circuit City, which was replaced by Best Buy due to Circuit City's bankruptcy and eventual close.[33] [edit] Places[edit] Bergen PointMain article: Bergen Point [edit] Constable HookMain article: Constable Hook  The Bayonne Golf Club at New York Harbor, a private links style golf course that was constructed on marshland at Constable Hook. A flagpole, displaying a large American flag that is visible from Manhattan and other surrounding communities, stands next to the golf course's clubhouse, which also marks the highest point of elevation in the city of Bayonne. [edit] Hackensack RiverWalkMain article: Hackensack RiverWalk Bayonne's section of the Hackensack RiverWalk (Bergen Point to Bellman's Creek in North Bergen), if fully completed, would run from the southwest corner of Bergen Point where the Kill Van Kull meets the Newark Bay and connect to the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway. A plaque unveiled on May 2, 2006 for the new Richard A. Rutkowski Park, a wetlands preserve on the northwestern end of town that is part of the RiverWalk. Also known as the Waterfront Park and Environmental Walkway, it is located immediately north of the Stephen R. Gregg Hudson County Park. [edit] National Registered Historic PlacesSee List of Registered Historic Places in Hudson County, New Jersey [edit] Hudson River Waterfront WalkwayMain article: Hudson River Waterfront Walkway [edit] Military Ocean TerminalOn the site of the former Military Ocean Terminal, plans for Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor include new housing and businesses. Construction is underway and one section of housing is completed. A memorial park for the Tear of Grief, commemorating September 11th, 2001, Cape Liberty Cruise Port and Port Liberty are located at the end of the long peninsula. In 2005, eight PCC trolly cars from the Newark City Subway were given to the Bayonne to be rehabilitated and operated along a proposed 2.5-mile (4.0 km) loop to connect to the 34th Street station of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail.[28] [edit] Local media
[edit] In popular culture
[edit] Notable residents
[edit] See also[edit] Notes
[edit] External links
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