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Schepens Eye Research Institute - Schepens Eye Research Institute schepens.harvard.edu |
The Autism Research Institute (ARI), established in 1967 by Bernard Rimland, is a San Diego, California, based nonprofit that funds research[1] and provides information on autism and autism spectrum disorders. Stephen M. Edelson became the director of ARI upon Rimland's death in 2006. The ARI holds that autism can be treated through a combination of intensive behavior modification, such as Applied Behavior Analysis, and a wide variety of biomedical interventions, including the use of drugs, dietary supplements, special diets, and chelation therapy. To this end, they sponsor a yearly conference of researchers, scientists, and physicians, which has become known as Defeat Autism Now! (DAN!).
[edit] Biomedical interventionsParents and medical professionals have reported improvements in the behavior of autistic children enrolled in special diets, detoxification therapies, and a range of treatments, collectively known as biomedical intervention for autism. In 1995, the Autism Research Institute brought together a group of about 30 physicians and scientists to share information and ideas toward defeating autism as quickly as possible. This became known as Defeat Autism Now! which comprises a network of doctors whose goal is to educate parents and clinicians about biomedically-based research, appropriate testing and safe and effective interventions for autism. The premise for biomedical intervention is that certain neurological disorders including autism are caused by environmental shocks that compromise the gastrointestinal, immunological and neurological systems. Gastrointestinal, in that they tend toward constipation or diarrhea and often have abnormal cravings or abhorrence for certain kinds of food; immunological, in that they are prone to allergies, migraines, and react abnormally to infectious diseases; and neurological, in that they are consistently hypo- or hypersensitive to sensory impressions. Proponents of biomedical intervention claim that autistic children generally improve in all three systems with an adapted or 'special' diet or with the addition to their diet of certain dietary supplements, nutrients, and enzyme supplements. Based on this premise, what is often diagnosed as autism or PDD is seen as a physiological syndrome that can and should be treated as a physiological disorder. Research into immune abnormalities in autism began in the 1980s[2] and has been continued by more recent research demonstrating a dysregulated innate immune response in some children with autism[3] [4], amid increasing speculation that immune and inflammatory responses, particularly those of Th2 type, may be involved in the etiology of autism.[5]. This led to the development of an Autism Biomedical movement that developed from the 1990s and focussed on Conferences such as Montreal’s 2nd Annual Medical Conference on Autism[6] which brought together immunologists, dieticians and DAN doctors amid a surge of interest in dietary models of treatment stimulated via internet chat groups, autism support groups and conferences. Some researchers and advocates of biomedical therapies in autism have autistic children of their own and have been driven by their own experiences; these include Bernard Rimland. Rimland, a psychologist and parent of an autistic son, speculated that his son's autism was the result of the DPT vaccine. He experimented with eliminating certain kinds of food and says that by eliminating casein and gluten from his son's diet, autistic symptoms were reduced. Studies supporting dietary claims for autism treatment have had significant flaws, so the data are inadequate to guide treatment recommendations.[7] [edit] See also[edit] External links[edit] References
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