| Federal election major party leaders |
| < 1937 1940 1943 > |
United Australia Robert Menzies Prime Minister Parliament: 6 years Leader since: 1939 Division: Kooyong WIN |
Labor John Curtin Opposition leader Parliament: 9 years Leader since: 1935 Division: Fremantle |
Federal elections were held in Australia on 21 September 1940. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent United Australia Party led by Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies with coalition partner the Country Party led by Archie Cameron narrowly defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by John Curtin and continued to hold power with the support of two independents. Country Party member Sir Earle Page had also served as Prime Minister during April 1939. In October 1941 the two independents switched their support to Curtin, bringing him to power.
House of Reps (IRV) — 1940-43 — Turnout 94.82% (CV) — Informal 2.56% | | Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | Change |
| | Australian Labor Party | 1,556,941 | 40.16 | -3.02 | 32 | +3 | (1 elected unopposed) |
| | United Australia Party | 1,171,788 | 30.22 | -3.48 | 23 | -5 |
| | Country Party | 531,397 | 13.71 | -1.84 | 13 | -3 |
| | Non-Communist Labor Party | 202,721 | 5.23 | * | 4 | +4 |
| | State Labor Party | 101,191 | 2.61 | * | 0 | 0 |
| | Independents | 312,948 | 8.07 | +3.89 | 2 | +1 |
| | Total | 3,876,986 | | | 74 | |
| | UAP/Country coalition | WIN | 49.70 | * | 36 | -8 |
| | Australian Labor Party | | 50.30 | * | 32 | +3 |
Independents: Arthur Coles (Henty, Vic), Alexander Wilson (Wimmera, Vic)
Senate (PBV) — 1940-43 — Turnout 94.75% (CV) — Informal 9.56% | | Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats Won | Seats Held |
| | UAP/Country (Joint Ticket) | 1,587,541 | 43.70 | +15.02 | 10 | |
| | Australian Labor Party | 1,363,072 | 37.52 | -10.96 | 3 | 17 |
| | Non-Communist Labor Party | 274,861 | 7.57 | * | 0 | 0 |
| | United Australia Party | 243,597 | 6.71 | -9.42 | 6 | 15 |
| | Country Party | * | * | -1.90 | 0 | 4 |
| | Independents | 71,760 | 1.98 | -1.41 | 0 | 0 |
| | Other | 91,986 | 2.53 | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | 4,097,326 | | | 19 | 36 |
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