In cardiology, an Austin Flint murmur is a mid-diastolic^{[citation needed]} or presystolic murmur^[1] low-pitched rumbling murmur which is best heard at the cardiac apex.^[2] It is associated with severe aortic regurgitation, although the role of this sign in clinical practice has been questioned.^[3]

Contents 1 Mechanism 1.1 Classical description 2 Treatment 3 Name 4 References

[edit] Mechanism

Echocardiography, conventional and colour flow doppler ultrasound, and cine nuclear magnetic resonance (cine NMR) imaging suggest the murmur is the result of (aortic regurgitant) flow impingement on the inner surface of the heart, i.e. the endocardium.^[4][5]

[edit] Classical description

Classically, it is described as being the result of mitral valve leaftlet displacement and turbulent mixing of antegrade mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow:^[6]

Displacement: The blood jets from the aortic regurgitation strike the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, which often results in premature closure of the mitral leaflets. This can be mistaken for mitral stenosis.

Turbulence of the two columns of blood: Blood from left atrium to left ventricle and blood from aorta to left ventricle.

[edit] Treatment

Aortic valve replacement may be necessary to correct the abnormality if symptomatic.

[edit] Name

The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician Austin Flint (1812–1886).^[7][8]

[edit] References

v • d • e Eponymous medical signs for circulatory system Heart disease Heart murmur Systolic heart murmur: benign paediatric heart murmur (Still's murmur) Diastolic heart murmur: pulmonic regurgitation (Graham Steell murmur) · aortic insufficiency (Austin Flint murmur) Aortic insufficiency Watson's water hammer pulse/Corrigan pulse · De Musset's sign · Duroziez's sign · Müller's sign · Quincke's sign · Austin Flint murmur · Mayne's sign Other endocardium endocarditis: Roth's spot · Janeway lesion/Osler's node · Bracht-Wachter bodies Pericardium cardiac tamponade/pericardial effusion: Beck's triad · Ewart's sign Other rheumatic fever: Anitschkow cell · Aschoff body EKG (Osborn wave) angina pectoris (Levine's sign) Vascular disease Arterial aortic aneurysm (Cardarelli's sign, Oliver's sign) · pulmonary embolism (McConnell's sign) · radial artery sufficiency (Allen's test) · pseudohypertension (Osler's sign) · thrombus (Lines of Zahn) Adson's sign · arteriovenous fistula (Nicoladoni sign) Venous Friedreich's sign · Caput medusae · Kussmaul's sign · DVT (Pratt's sign, Lisker's sign) · Trendelenburg's test · superior vena cava syndrome (Pemberton's sign) heart navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc vascular navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/systemic vasculitis/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc