Ashkenazi is a surname, and may refer to:
- Bezalel Ashkenazi (16th century), rabbi and Talmud scholar
- Dan Ashkenazi (13th century), German Talmudist
- Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi (1512-1585), rabbi, Talmudist, and physician
- Gabi Ashkenazi (born 1954), Chief of the Israel Defense Forces General Staff
- Jacob ben Isaac Ashkenazi (1550-1625), rabbi and author of the Tseno Ureno
- Israel Sarug Ashkenazi (16th century), pupil of Isaac Luria
- Leon Ashkenazi (Manitou) (1922-1996), French rabbi and Jewish leader
- Lior Ashkenazi (born 1969), Israeli actor
- Malkiel Ashkenazi (16th century), Sephardic rabbi in Hebron
- Meir Ashkenazi (16th century), envoy of the Khan of Crimea
- Mordecai ben Hillel Ashkenazi (1250-1298), German rabbi and legal authority
- Moses Ashkenazi (died 1701), also known as Johann Peter Spaeth, a German convert to Judaism
- Avraham Ashkenazi, Chacham Bashi of Jerusalem
- Motti Ashkenazi (contemporary), Israeli reserve captain
- Tzvi Ashkenazi (1656-1718), rabbi of Amsterdam
- Vladimir Ashkenazy (born 1937), Russian conductor and pianist
- Yitzhak Ashkenazi (1534-1572), also called Isaac Luria, rabbi and mystic, founder of an important branch of Kabbalah
