Armenian Genocide Background: Armenians in the Ottoman Empire · Armenian Question · Hamidian Massacres · Zeitun Resistance (1895) · 1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover · Yıldız Attempt · Adana Massacre · Young Turk Revolution The Genocide Congress at Erzurum · Red Sunday · Tehcir Law · Labour battalion Deportation: Centers: All the settlements at Western Armenia Camps:Deir ez-Zor · Foreign aid and relief:ACRNE · NARC Resistance: Zeitun · Van · Musa Dagh · Urfa · Shabin-Karahisar Responsible parties: Young Turks: Committee of Union and Progress (Talat · Enver · Djemal · Behaeddin Shakir) · Teskilati Mahsusa · (Reşit Bey · Cevdet Bey · Topal Osman) Kurdish Irregulars Trials: Courts-Martial  · Malta Tribunals  · Soghomon Tehlirian Armenian Population Population · Casualties See Also Armenian militia · Operation Nemesis · Recognition · Denial · Timeline  v • d • e

The term "Armenian Question" as used in European history, became common place among diplomatic circles and in the popular press after the Congress of Berlin; that in like Eastern Question, refers to powers of Europe's involvement to the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. However in specific terms, the Armenian question refers to the protection and the freedoms of Armenians from their neighboring communities.^[1] The "Armenian question" explains the forty years of Armenian-Ottoman history in the context of English, German, Russian politics between 1877-1914.

The "Armenian Question", like the "Eastern Question", remained a factor (issue) in international politics, first with Great Britain and Germany; then Russia taking on the role of Ottoman Armenians protector (see protectorate of missions).

Contents 1 The origin 2 Historical milestones 2.1 Effects of Congress of Berlin 3 See also 4 References

[edit] The origin

During the 18th century Ottoman Empire sustained extensive territorial losses (see: decline of the Ottoman Empire) and the Balkan nationalities, aided by European arms and diplomacy began their struggles for their liberation, (see: national awakening in the Balkans).^[1] Most Armenians lived in provinces bordering Russia, and not any other European states. Russia—became increasingly involved in Ottoman affairs using the "capitulations of the Ottoman Empire" established after the Russian intervention in 1877-1878. Russia gained control over a large part of Armenia, and became the champion of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire (a protectorate clause). Russia was also instrumental in obtaining the independence of Romania (see:National awakening of Romania) and Serbia. Beginning with the Congress of Berlin, Armenian question become a pivotal factor, in which sometimes Russia had to step back as a result of the English and German pressure, or vice versa.

[edit] Historical milestones

[edit] Effects of Congress of Berlin

The Armenian National Assembly and Patriarch Nerses II of Constantinople sent Catholicos Mgrdich Khrimian to Berlin to present the case for the Armenians. In his famous patriotic speech “The Paper Ladle,” Mgrdich Khrimian advised Armenians to take the national awakening of Bulgaria as a model as the hopes of the Armenian people for self-determination were ignored by the European community of nations.^[2]

[edit] See also

• Caucasus Campaign

[edit] References

1. ^ ^{a b} Armenian Studies: Études Arméniennes by Lebanese Association of Armenian University Graduates, pp. 4-6
2. ^ Haig Ajemian, Hayotz Hayrig, page 511-3; translated by Fr. Vazken Movsesian.

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