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"Aquarela do Brasil" (English: Watercolor of Brazil), known in the English-speaking world simply as "Brazil", is one of the most famous Brazilian songs of all time, written by Ary Barroso in 1939.
[edit] Background and compositionAry Barroso wrote "Aquarela do Brasil" in early 1939, when he was prevented from leaving his home one night due to a storm. Its title, a reference to watercolor painting, is a clear mention to the rain. He also wrote "Três Lágrimas" (English: Three teardrops) on the same night, before the end of the rain[1]. Describing the song in an interview to Marisa Lira, of the newspaper Diário de Notícias, Barroso said that he wanted to "free the samba away from the tragedies of life, of the sensual scenario already so explored". According to the composer, he "felt all the greatness, the value and the wealth of our land", reliving "the tradition of the national panels"[1]. Initially, he wrote the first chords, which he defined as "vibrant", and a "plangent of emotions". The original beat "sang on [his] imagination, highlighting the sound of the rain, on syncope beats of fantastic tambourins". According to him, "the rest came naturally, music and lyrics at once". He declared to have felt like another person after writing the song[1]. [edit] Release and reception"Aquarela do Brasil" was first performed by Aracy Cortes on June 10, 1939, at the premiere of the musical play Entra na Faixa, by Barroso and Luís Iglesias. Despite Cortes' huge popularity at the time, the song flopped, perhaps for not adjusting well to her voice. A month later, it was performed by the baritone Cândido Botelho on Joujoux e Balangandans, a benefit concert sponsored by Darcy Vargas, then First Lady of Brazil. It was then recorded by Francisco Alves, arranged by Radamés Gnattali and his orchestra, and released by Odeon Records on August 1939[2][1]. "Aquarela do Brasil" took a while to succeed. In 1940, it was not among the top three songs of that year's Carnival in Rio. The president of the jury was Heitor Villa-Lobos, and Barroso, offended that his masterpiece was not on the list, ended his relationship with him. The two men would only speak to each other again fifteen years later, when both received the National Order of Merit[2][1]. The song only became famous after it was included on the 1942 Walt Disney animated film Saludos Amigos. After that, the song became known not only in Brazil, but worldwide, becoming the first Brazilian song to be played over a million times on American radio[2][1]. Due to the huge popularity achieved in the United States, it received an English version by composer Bob Russell[2][1]. [edit] ControversyThis song, because of its exaltation of Brazil's great qualities, marked the creation of a new genre within samba, known as samba-exaltação (English: exaltation samba). This musical movement, with its extremely patriotic nature, was seen by many as being favorable to the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas, which generated criticism towards Barroso and his work, as if he were kowtowing to the regime. The Barroso family, however, strongly denies this, pointing out that he also wrote an anti-fascist song, "Salada Mista" (English: Mixed salad), recorded by Carmen Miranda on October 1938. Vargas, although not a fascist himself, was sympathetic to such regimes[3]. It should also be noted that the Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda (English: Department of Press and Propaganda), the official censorship body of the regime, censored a line of the song before its release. The verse "terra do samba e do pandeiro" (English: "land of samba and the pandeiro") was seen as being "derogatory" for Brazil's image. Barroso persuaded the censors to save the line[4]. Another criticism to the song, at the time, was that it used expressions little known by the general public, such as "inzoneiro", "merencória", and "trigueiro" (English: sly, melancholic, and swarthy), and that he abused of redundancy on the verses "meu Brasil brasileiro" (English: "my Brazilian Brazil") and "esse coqueiro que dá coco" (English: "this coco palm that gives me coconut"). The composer defended his work, saying that these expressions were poetic effects inseparable of the original composition. On the original recording, Alves sung "mulato risoneiro" (English: laughing mulatto) instead of "inzoneiro" for not being able to understand Barroso's illegible handwriting[5]. [edit] Notable coversThe song has received many successful covers through the years, being played in many different genres, ranging from its original samba to disco. In 1943, Spanish-born bandleader Xavier Cugat reached number two on the Best Sellers List and number nine on the Harlem Hit Parade with his version of "Brazil"[6]. In 1957, Frank Sinatra recorded the song in Come Fly With Me. He was followed by other successful artists of the time such as Bing Crosby, Ray Conniff, and Paul Anka. During the Brazilian military dictatorship, MPB singer Elis Regina performed what is perhaps the darkest version ever of "Aquarela do Brasil", accompanied by a choral of men reproducing chants of the Native-Brazilians. Meanwhile, American band The Ritchie Family reached number-one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart for seven weeks with their disco cover of the song. Other successful Brazilian singers such as Antonio Carlos Jobim, Erasmo Carlos, João Gilberto, Gal Costa, and Simone also recorded their versions of the song at the same period. The song was featured prominently in the 1985 Terry Gilliam film Brazil, which was named after it. It was recorded by Geoff Muldaur in the soundtrack. Afterwards, in the 1990s, it was covered by both Harry Belafonte and Dionne Warwick. In 2007, singer-songwriter Daniela Mercury, which recorded the most recent cover of the song by a Brazilian artist, was invited to perform the song at the end of the opening ceremony of the XV Pan American Games, held in Rio de Janeiro. In 2009, the Recording Academy added the 1942 recording of "Brazil (Aquarela Do Brasil)" by Jimmy Dorsey & His Orchestra on the Grammy Hall of Fame.[7][8] [edit] Usage in popular cultureFilms
Television programs
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[edit] External links
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