An antecedent is a preceding event, condition, cause, phrase, or word. It may refer to:
- Antecedent moisture, a hydrologic term describing the relative wetness condition of a sewershed
- Antecedent (logic), the first half of a hypothetical proposition
- Antecedent (grammar), the word to which a pronoun refers
- A musical phrase (music) may be an antecedent or consequent phrase.
- Antecedent (genealogy), antonym of descendant, genealogical predecessor in family line.
- Antecedent (law), in criminology, the life history and previous convictions of a defendant
- Antecedent stimulus, in behavioral research, elicits a learned response from an organism.
- Antecedent action, in drama and literature, the events prior to the opening of a play or story
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