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 This article's citation style may be unclear. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (September 2009)
Ann Kiessling

Ann A. Kiessling, PhD
Born Ann Anderson
March 29, 1942 (1942-03-29) (age 67)
Nationality American
Occupation Stem cell researcher
Known for Discovery of reverse transcriptase activity in normal human cells

Dr. Ann A. Kiessling (born March 29, 1942) is an American reproductive biologist and is currently one of the leaders in human parthenogenic stem cell research at The Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation.[1] She also has an appointment in the Department of Surgery at Harvard Medical School[2]

Dr. Kiessling is noted for her discovery of reverse transcriptase activity in normal human cells (Kiessling & Goulian).[3] This report pioneered the importance of naturally occurring retrovirus sequences in human genes, now thought to be important to the genetic plasticity involved in human evolution and biology. Prior to this discovery, it had been assumed that reverse transcriptase was an enzyme found only in retroviruses(such as HIV). To understand the normal biologic role of reverse transcriptase, Dr. Kiessling began to study eggs and early cleaving embryos.[citation needed] Her dual interests in virology and reproductive biology led to research in semen transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and the creation of the first laboratory for Human In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in Oregon in the early 1980s. Harvard Medical School recruited Dr. Kiessling in 1985, where she continues her research today.[citation needed]

The need to conduct biomedical research in areas not funded by the federal government led to the incorporation of the Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation.[4] The Foundation's controversial Special Program of Assisted Reproduction (SPAR) has helped more than 70 couples[1] affected by HIV disease have healthy babies.[5] Because of this success, more than two-dozen fertility centers throughout the country have implemented the SPAR program, allowing couples to seek care close to home.[citation needed]

The techniques developed for the Special Program of Assisted Reproduction have now been extended to other diseases of the male genitourinary tract, such as prostatitis and bladder infections. Expertise in human egg biology led Dr. Kiessling to develop the country's first human egg donor program for stem cell research in 2000. It remains a research focus today.[citation needed]

Dr. Kiessling has published more than 100 scientific papers and given more than 60 lectures to audiences around the world. Her writings can be found in publications such as Nature, Lancet and in proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Among her noted publications is the first comprehensive look at the influence of accurate science terminology on laws titled, "What is an Embryo," published by the Connecticut Law Review[6] along with rejoinders by Dr. Harold Shapiro, Prof John A. Robertson, Prof. Lars Noah, and Father Kevin P. Quinn. The law review specifically addresses the controversy of all of the entities that are currently called embryos with regards to embryonic stem cell research legislation around the wold.[citation needed]

Dr. Kiessling has been the focus of articles in The Boston Globe, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Associated Press and Newsweek. In 2003, Dr. Kiessling wrote Human Embryonic Stem Cells: An Introduction to the Science and Therapeutic Potential, the first textbook on the controversial topic.[7]

Dr. Kiessling is a current member of the California (California Constitution Article XXXV) and Connecticut Stem Cell Research Advisory Boards,[8] and a member of the Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight Committees (ESCROS) for Harvard University,[9] Joslin Diabetes Center and Children's Hospital.[10]

Contents

[edit] Awards

November 16, 2009 - Dr. Ann A. Kiessling honored with the Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award for Biotechnology and Medicine[11]

2007 - Dr. Kiessling's Special Program of Assisted Reproduction honored with Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Prize Paper Award, presented at the The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) 2007 Conference[12]

[edit] Background

Dr. Kiessling was born in Baker City, Oregon as Ann Anderson. Her father, Col. William C. Anderson, was a decorated squadron commander in the US Air Force during World War II. She graduated from Klamath Falls High School in 1960 and attended University of Virginia where she received the first of her two bachelor's degrees in Nursing. In 1966 she received her second bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Central Washington University where she also received her master's degree in Organic Chemistry in 1967. In 1971 she earned her PhD from Oregon State University in Biochemistry and Biophysics. She did postdoctoral research at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and University of California, San Diego.

[edit] Family

Dr. Kiessling is the mother of three daughters and a son.

[edit] Publications

  1. Kiessling AA, Weber GH, Deeney AO, Possehl EA, Beaudreau GS (February 1971). "Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity associated with a plasma particulate fraction from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Journal of Virology 7 (2): 221–6. PMID 4999944. PMC 356102. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=4999944. 
  2. Weber GH, Kiessling AA, Beaudreau GS (February 1971). "Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity associated with strain MC29 tumor virus". Journal of Virology 7 (2): 214–20. PMID 5165089. PMC 356101. http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=5165089. 
  3. Weber GH, Kiessling AA, Beaudreau GS (March 1971). "DNA polymerase activity in homogenates of cells infected with MC29 virus". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 42 (6): 993–9. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(71)90001-5. PMID 4323849. 
  4. Kiessling AA, Goulian M (August 1976). "A comparison of the enzymatic responses of the DNA polymerases from four RNA tumor viruses". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 71 (4): 1069–77. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(76)90763-4. PMID 184781. 
  5. Kiessling AA, Goulian M (June 1979). "Detection of reverse transcriptase activity in human cells". Cancer Research 39 (6 Pt 1): 2062–9. PMID 87260. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=87260. 
  6. Kiessling AA, Weitlauf HM (June 1979). "DNA polymerase activity in preimplantation mouse embryos". The Journal of Experimental Zoology 208 (3): 347–54. doi:10.1002/jez.1402080311. PMID 490123. 
  7. Weitlauf HM, Kiessling AA (June 1980). "Comparison of overall rates of RNA synthesis in implanting and delayed implanting mouse blastocysts in vitro". Developmental Biology 77 (1): 116–29. doi:10.1016/0012-1606(80)90460-1. PMID 6156871. 
  8. Kiessling AA, Weitlauf HM (January 1981). "Poly (A) . oligo (dT)-stimulated DNA polymerase activity in preimplantation mouse embryos". The Journal of Experimental Zoology 215 (1): 117–20. doi:10.1002/jez.1402150116. PMID 7229597. 
  9. Weitlauf HM, Kiessling AA (1981). "Activation of 'delayed implanting' mouse embryos in vitro". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement 29: 191–202. PMID 6164787. 
  10. Kiessling AA (June 1984). "Evidence that reverse transcriptase is a component of murine epididymal fluid". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 176 (2): 175–82. PMID 6201868. 
  11. Kiessling AA, Hughes WH, Blankevoort MR (April 1986). "Superovulation and embryo transfer in the dairy goat". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 188 (8): 829–32. PMID 3086263. 
  12. Goldman DS, Kiessling AA, Millette CF, Cooper GM (July 1987). "Expression of c-mos RNA in germ cells of male and female mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84 (13): 4509–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.13.4509. PMID 2955407. 
  13. Loutradis D, John D, Kiessling AA (September 1987). "Hypoxanthine causes a 2-cell block in random-bred mouse embryos". Biology of Reproduction 37 (2): 311–6. doi:10.1095/biolreprod37.2.311. PMID 3676390. 
  14. Kiessling AA, Crowell RC, Connell RS (December 1987). "Sperm-associated retroviruses in the mouse epididymis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84 (23): 8667–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8667. PMID 2825204. 
  15. Borzy MS, Connell RS, Kiessling AA (1988). "Detection of human immunodeficiency virus in cell-free seminal fluid". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1 (5): 419–24. PMID 2464685. 
  16. Cooper GM, Goldman DS, Kiessling AA, Millette CF (1988). "The expression of oncogenes in germ cells". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 267: 275–89. PMID 3070564. 
  17. John DP, Kiessling AA (January 1988). "Improved pronuclear mouse embryo development over an extended pH range in Ham's F-10 medium without protein". Fertility and Sterility 49 (1): 150–5. PMID 3335263. 
  18. Kiessling AA, Loutradis D, McShane PM, Jackson KV (1988). "Fertilization in trypsin-treated oocytes". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 541: 614–20. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb22298.x. PMID 3195940. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0077-8923&date=1988&volume=541&spage=614. 
  19. Patton PE, Burry KA, Wolf DP, Kiessling AA, Craemer MJ (April 1988). "The use of oral contraceptives to regulate oocyte retrieval". Fertility and Sterility 49 (4): 716–8. PMID 3350166. 
  20. Han HD, Kiessling AA (July 1988). "In vivo development of transferred mouse embryos conceived in vitro in simple and complex media". Fertility and Sterility 50 (1): 159–63. PMID 3384109. 
  21. Goldman DS, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (August 1988). "Post-transcriptional processing suggests that c-mos functions as a maternal message in mouse eggs". Oncogene 3 (2): 159–62. PMID 2457860. 
  22. Montgomery V, Loutradis D, Tulchinsky D, Kiessling A (September 1988). "FSH-induced ovulation in intact and hypophysectomized mice". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 84 (1): 1–6. PMID 3141613. http://www.reproduction-online.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3141613. 
  23. Trune DR, Kiessling AA (September 1988). "Decreased protein synthesis in cochlear nucleus following developmental auditory deprivation. Use of vascular saline perfusion to improve small tissue sample analysis". Hearing Research 35 (2-3): 259–64. doi:10.1016/0378-5955(88)90122-0. PMID 3198513. 
  24. Jackson KV, Kiessling AA (April 1989). "Fertilization and cleavage of mouse oocytes exposed to the conditions of human oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization". Fertility and Sterility 51 (4): 675–81. PMID 2494083. 
  25. Kiessling AA (May 1989). "Retroviruses and reproduction". Fertility and Sterility 51 (5): 756–8. PMID 2540047. 
  26. Kiessling AA, Crowell R, Fox C (July 1989). "Epididymis is a principal site of retrovirus expression in the mouse". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (13): 5109–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.5109. PMID 2740346. 
  27. O'Keefe SJ, Wolfes H, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (September 1989). "Microinjection of antisense c-mos oligonucleotides prevents meiosis II in the maturing mouse egg". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 (18): 7038–42. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7038. PMID 2476810. 
  28. Fissore RA, Jackson KV, Kiessling AA (November 1989). "Mouse zygote development in culture medium without protein in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid". Biology of Reproduction 41 (5): 835–41. doi:10.1095/biolreprod41.5.835. PMID 2516468. 
  29. Mehta TS, Kiessling AA (October 1990). "Development potential of mouse embryos conceived in vitro and cultured in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with or without amino acids or serum". Biology of Reproduction 43 (4): 600–6. doi:10.1095/biolreprod43.4.600. PMID 2126963. 
  30. Nureddin A, Epsaro E, Kiessling AA (November 1990). "Purines inhibit the development of mouse embryos in vitro". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 90 (2): 455–64. PMID 2250245. http://www.reproduction-online.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2250245. 
  31. Kiessling AA, Davis HW, Williams CS, Sauter RW, Harrison LW (April 1991). "Development and DNA polymerase activities in cultured preimplantation mouse embryos: comparison with embryos developed in vivo". The Journal of Experimental Zoology 258 (1): 34–47. doi:10.1002/jez.1402580105. PMID 1869864. 
  32. O'Keefe SJ, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (September 1991). "The c-mos gene product is required for cyclin B accumulation during meiosis of mouse eggs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88 (17): 7869–72. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.17.7869. PMID 1652768. 
  33. Pal SK, Zinkel SS, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (October 1991). "c-mos expression in mouse oocytes is controlled by initiator-related sequences immediately downstream of the transcription initiation site". Molecular and Cellular Biology 11 (10): 5190–6. PMID 1833632. PMC 361551. http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1833632. 
  34. Lawitts JA, Butler JE, Kiessling AA, Biggers JD (December 1991). "Growth and DNA replication in rabbit blastocysts". Molecular Reproduction and Development 30 (4): 320–9. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080300406. PMID 1751036. 
  35. Kiessling AA (October 1992). "Semen transmission of human immunodeficiency virus". Fertility and Sterility 58 (4): 667–9. PMID 1307232. 
  36. Kiessling AA (November 1992). "HIV in semen". JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association 268 (19): 2651–2. doi:10.1001/jama.268.19.2651. PMID 1433684. 
  37. Fissore R, O'Keefe S, Kiessling AA (December 1992). "Purine-induced block to mouse embryo cleavage is reversed by compounds that elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate". Biology of Reproduction 47 (6): 1105–12. doi:10.1095/biolreprod47.6.1105. PMID 1493175. 
  38. Kiessling AA, Crowell RC, Brettler D, Forsberg A, Wolf B (February 1993). "Human immunodeficiency virus detection and differential leukocyte counts are accurate and safer with formaldehyde-fixed blood". Blood 81 (3): 864–5. PMID 8427979. http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8427979. 
  39. Loutradis DC, Kiessling AA, Kallianidis K, et al. (May 1993). "A preliminary trial of human zygote culture in Ham's F-10 without hypoxanthine". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 10 (4): 271–5. doi:10.1007/BF01204941. PMID 8130432. 
  40. Pal SK, Crowell R, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (May 1993). "Expression of proto-oncogenes in mouse eggs and preimplantation embryos". Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080350103. PMID 8507485. 
  41. Fitzgerald LM, Yin HZ, Kiessling AA (July 1993). "PCR amplification of HIV and cellular DNA sequences in formaldehyde-fixed, immunoreactive white blood cells". BioTechniques 15 (1): 128–33. PMID 8363828. 
  42. Kiessling AA, Yin HZ, Purohit A, Kowal M, Wolf B (September 1993). "Formaldehyde-fixed semen is suitable and safer for leukocyte detection and DNA amplification". Fertility and Sterility 60 (3): 576–81. PMID 8375546. 
  43. Mehta TS, Kiessling AA (December 1993). "The developmental potential of mouse embryos conceived in Ham's F-10 medium containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid". Fertility and Sterility 60 (6): 1088–93. PMID 8243691. 
  44. Pal SK, Torry D, Serta R, et al. (March 1994). "Expression and potential function of the c-mos proto-oncogene in human eggs". Fertility and Sterility 61 (3): 496–503. PMID 8137973. 
  45. Yamauchi N, Kiessling AA, Cooper GM (October 1994). "The Ras/Raf signaling pathway is required for progression of mouse embryos through the two-cell stage". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14 (10): 6655–62. PMID 7935384. PMC 359195. http://mcb.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7935384. 
  46. Loutradis D, Drakakis P, Michalas S, et al. (December 1994). "The effect of compounds altering the cAMP level on reversing the 2-cell block induced by hypoxanthine in mouse embryos in vitro". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 57 (3): 195–9. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(94)90300-X. PMID 7536169. 
  47. Drakakis P, Loutradis D, Milingos S, et al. (1995). "A preliminary study of the effect of growth hormone on mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro". Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 40 (4): 222–6. PMID 8586301. 
  48. Seibel MM, Kearnan M, Kiessling A (June 1995). "Parameters that predict success for natural cycle in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer". Fertility and Sterility 63 (6): 1251–4. PMID 7750596. 
  49. Kiessling AA, Lamparelli N, Yin HZ, Seibel MM, Eyre RC (July 1995). "Semen leukocytes: friends or foes?". Fertility and Sterility 64 (1): 196–8. PMID 7789560. 
  50. Serta RT, Michalopoulos J, Seibel MM, Kiessling AA (July 1995). "The developmental potential of mouse oocytes matured in serum-free culture conditions". Human Reproduction 10 (7): 1810–5. PMID 8582987. http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8582987. 
  51. Kiessling AA, Serta RT, Michalopoulos J (October 1996). "In-vitro maturation of mouse oocytes". Human Reproduction 11 (10): 2336. PMID 8943555. http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8943555. 
  52. Pierce KE, Michalopoulos J, Kiessling AA, Seibel MM, Zilberstein M (February 1997). "Preimplantation development of mouse and human embryos biopsied at cleavage stages using a modified displacement technique". Human Reproduction 12 (2): 351–6. doi:10.1093/humrep/12.2.351. PMID 9070724. 
  53. Byrn RA, Zhang D, Eyre R, McGowan K, Kiessling AA (October 1997). "HIV-1 in semen: an isolated virus reservoir". Lancet 350 (9085): 1141. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24042-0. PMID 9343504. 
  54. Kiessling AA, Fitzgerald LM, Zhang D, et al. (April 1998). "Human immunodeficiency virus in semen arises from a genetically distinct virus reservoir". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 14 Suppl 1: S33–41. PMID 9581882. 
  55. Maione B, Lavitrano M, Spadafora C, Kiessling AA (August 1998). "Sperm-mediated gene transfer in mice". Molecular Reproduction and Development 50 (4): 406–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199808)50:4<406::AID-MRD4>3.0.CO;2-M. PMID 9669524. 
  56. Byrn RA, Kiessling AA (December 1998). "Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus in semen: indications of a genetically distinct virus reservoir". Journal of Reproductive Immunology 41 (1-2): 161–76. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(98)00056-4. PMID 10213308. 
  57. Kiessling AA (December 1998). "Expression of human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-coupled genes in early cleaving embryos". Journal of Reproductive Immunology 41 (1-2): 95–104. doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(98)00051-5. PMID 10213303. 
  58. Eyre RC, Yin HZ, Kiessling AA (February 1999). "Prostate specific antigen is detectable in formalin-fixed semen". BJU International 83 (3): 265–8. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00938.x. PMID 10233491. 
  59. Eyre RC, Zheng G, Kiessling AA (April 2000). "Multiple drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus in semen but not blood of a man on antiretroviral therapy". Urology 55 (4): 591. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00592-0. PMID 10754183. 
  60. Kiessling AA, Markoulaki S (June 2000). "Interaction of gametes with exogenous genes: possible opportunities for incorporation into embryonic genome". Molecular Reproduction and Development 56 (2 Suppl): 271–4. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(200006)56:2+<271::AID-MRD12>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 10824982. 
  61. Kiessling AA (October 2001). "In the stem-cell debate, new concepts need new words". Nature 413 (6855): 453. doi:10.1038/35097269. PMID 11586326. 
  62. Green RM, DeVries KO, Bernstein J, et al. (2002). "Overseeing research on therapeutic cloning: a private ethics board responds to its critics". The Hastings Center Report 32 (3): 27–33. doi:10.2307/3528111. PMID 12085512. 
  63. Okamoto M, Byrn R, Eyre RC, Mullen T, Church P, Kiessling AA (July 2002). "Seminal plasma induces programmed cell death in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 18 (11): 797–803. doi:10.1089/08892220260139549. PMID 12182156. 
  64. Mullen TE, Kiessling RL, Kiessling AA (March 2003). "Tissue-specific populations of leukocytes in semen-producing organs of the normal, hemicastrated, and vasectomized mouse". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 19 (3): 235–43. doi:10.1089/088922203763315740. PMID 12689416. 
  65. Kiessling AA (2004). "What is an embryo?". Connecticut Law Review 36 (4): 1051–92. PMID 15868674. 
  66. Kiessling AA, Eyre SJ, Desmarais BD (2005). "Detection of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains". Methods in Molecular Biology 304: 287–313. doi:10.1385/1-59259-907-9:287. PMID 16061984. 
  67. Kiessling AA (2005). "Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from semen and vaginal fluids". Methods in Molecular Biology 304: 71–86. doi:10.1385/1-59259-907-9:071. PMID 16061967. 
  68. Kiessling AA (March 2005). "Eggs alone". Nature 434 (7030): 145. doi:10.1038/434145a. PMID 15758976. 
  69. Crowell RC, Kiessling AA (June 2007). "Endogenous retrovirus expression in testis and epididymis". Biochemical Society Transactions 35 (Pt 3): 629–33. doi:10.1042/BST0350629. PMID 17511667. 
  70. Kiessling AA, Desmarais BM, Yin HZ, Loverde J, Eyre RC (November 2008). "Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in semen". Fertility and Sterility 90 (5): 1744–56. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.083. PMID 18191853. 
  71. Kiessling AA, Bletsa R, Desmarais B, Mara C, Kallianidis K, Loutradis D (April 2009). "Evidence that human blastomere cleavage is under unique cell cycle control". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 26 (4): 187–95. doi:10.1007/s10815-009-9306-x. PMID 19288185. 
  72. Kiapekou E, Loutradis D, Mastorakos G, et al. (June 2009). "Effect of PRL on in vitro follicle growth, in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in mice". Cloning and Stem Cells 11 (2): 293–300. doi:10.1089/clo.2008.0046. PMID 19522676. 

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.bedfordresearch.org/aboutus/aboutus.php?item=about_director
  2. ^ http://lrb.med.harvard.edu/index.html
  3. ^ Kiessling AA, Goulian M (June 1979). "Detection of reverse transcriptase activity in human cells". Cancer Research 39 (6 Pt 1): 2062–9. PMID 87260. http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=87260. 
  4. ^ "Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation – Official Website". http://www.bedfordresearch.org/aboutus/aboutus.php?item=about_director. Retrieved 2007-04-13. 
  5. ^ "Part Five: The Fertility Race - HIV And Fertility By Stephen Smith – American Public Radio Works". http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/fertility_race/part5/. Retrieved 2007-04-13. 
  6. ^ Kiessling, Ann (Summer 2004). "What Is An Embryo?" (PDF). Connecticut Law Review 36 (4): 1051–93. http://www.connecticutlawreview.org/archive/vol36/summer/Kiessling.pdf. Retrieved 2007-04-13. 
  7. ^ "Jones and Bartlett Topics in Biology Series – Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Second Edition Text Book". http://www.jbpub.com/catalog/0763743860/. Retrieved 2007-04-13. 
  8. ^ "Connecticut Stem Cell Research Program Committee". http://www.dph.state.ct.us/StemCell/Committees.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-05. 
  9. ^ "Harvard University's Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight Committee". http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~research/approvals/escro.html. Retrieved 2007-06-05. 
  10. ^ "The Stem Cell Program at Children's Hospital Boston". http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site799/mainpageS799P1sublevel49.html. Retrieved 2007-06-05. 
  11. ^ "2009 Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award". http://www.bedfordresearch.org/newsandlibrary/news_article.php?id=24698. Retrieved 2009-11-09. 
  12. ^ "The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) 2007 Conference". http://www.asrm.org/Professionals/Meetings/annualmeeting.html. 

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Kiessling"



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