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Ancud (41°52′S 73°50′W / 41.867°S 73.833°W) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region (Chile's eleventh region from north to south).
[edit] Geography and DemographyThe population of the municipality comuna of Ancud was 39,946 according to the 2002 INE Census while that of the city proper amounted to 27,292 people. Two thirds of the population of the comuna live in urban centers while one third live in rural areas. The comuna has a surface of 1,752 km² and a population density of 22,8 and is bordered on the north, west and northeast by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Quemchi, and on the south by Dalcahue. [edit] HistoryBetween 1767 and 1982, Ancud was the capital of the province of Chiloé and in 1840 became the see of a Catholic diocese. Ancud was founded on August 20, 1767 during the reign of Charles III of Spain. The viceroy of Peru, Manuel de Amat y Juniet, was commanded to fortify the north end of the island of Chiloé; he instructed the Brigadier Don Carlos de Beranger y Renaud to raise a fort on the north-western tip of the island. The fort was built to defend navigation around the southern tip of South America from English encroachment. Beranger, who was named governor of Chiloé, founded the Villa y Fuerte Real de San Carlos de Chiloé in 1768. He moved the inhabitants of Chacao to the new settlement and from that moment the new town became the seat of the governor and the main port of the island. Fortifications on the bay, as well as artillery batteries, were constructed, as well as the castle of San Miguel de Agüi. From 1784 the villa of San Carlos was the seat of the Intendancy of Chiloé, erected in that year, which was subject to the Viceroyalty of Peru. The first Intendant was Francisco Hurtado del Pino. Ancud remained loyal to the Spanish crown after Chile declared independence, and an expedition under Antonio Pareja departed from the Fuerte Real de San Carlos de Chiloé in 1813, which led to the Disaster of Rancagua, a victory for the royalists. Forces from Chiloé entered Santiago de Chile on October 5, 1814.  Chiloé, under the royal governor Antonio de Quintanilla continued to remain loyal to Spain. Rge Fuerte Real de San Carlos was defended against the attack led by Lord Cochrane, who was defeated while attempting to assault the castle of San Miguel de Agüi in 1820. The expedition led by Ramón Freire against the Chiloé royalists would also be defeated at the Battle of Mocopulli (April 1, 1824). In 1826, Chilean forces would finally defeat the Chiloé resistance at Pudeto and Bellavista (January 14, 1826). The Treaty of Tantauco would confirm the annexation of Chiloé to the republic of Chile. With Chiloé annexed to the Republic of Chile, administration was placed in the hands of Colonel José Santiago de Aldunate (1826), who was arrested in the Villa de San Carlos de Chiloé by sergeant-major Manuel Fuentes, who organized an assembly on May 12, 1826 that declared the independence of Chiloé. This rebellion was suppressed by July 19, 1826. On June 28, 1834, Charles Darwin visited the town during the Second voyage of HMS Beagle. On July 4, 1834, the name of the town was changed from San Carlos de Chiloé to Ancud, and was officially named a city as well as the capital of the province of Chiloé. On July 1 1840, Pope Gregory XVI, in his papal bull Ubi primum, created the diocese of San Carlos de Ancud. The episcopal seat was located at Ancud. The first bishop was Justo Donoso Vivanco, a Dominican and an important expert in canon law, afterwards bishop of La Serena and minister of Justice, Worship, and Public Education. On April 13, 1845, the seminary known as the Seminario Conciliar de Ancud was founded in the city during his episcopate. The school known as the "Liceo de Ancud" was founded on October 11, 1868. Nuns of the Congregation of the Immaculate Conception settled in the city on November 3, 1874. During the 19th century, the city of Ancud, with its intense maritime commercial activity, became an important center for industry and commerce, but it suffered a decline as a result of the building of the Panama Canal. In the 20th century, an important settlement near the city was founded by German immigrants, whose activities led to the growth of commerce, agriculture, livestock, and education in the city. In 1912, however, Ancud suffered from competition with Puerto Montt, which was newly linked by rail with the rest of the country. This led to a slow economic decline. Ancud lost its status as capital of the province of Chiloé in 1982, but still retains a court of law for the province (Juzgado de capital de provincia). [edit] Sites of Interest
[edit] AdministrationAncud belongs to the 58th Electoral District nº and 17ª Senatorial Circumscription (the South Lakes). It is represented in the House of Representatives of the National Congress by the deputies Claudius Alvarado of the UDI and Gabriel Ascencio of the PDC. It is also represented in the Senate by senators Camilo Escalona of the PS and Carlos Kuschel of RN.
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