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The Anaimalai Hills (Tamil: ஆனைமலை, Malayalam: ആനമല) is a range of mountains in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of South India. The name "Anaimalai" derives from the Tamil word 'Anai' meaning elephant[1] and 'Malai' meaning hill, thus Elephant Hill. The highest peak of the Anaimalai Hills is Anamudi, (2,695 meters (8,842 ft)), located in the Idukki district of Kerala. It is the highest peak in India, south of the Himalayas. To the north, Palghat Gap divides the Western Ghats. The lower slopes of hills now have coffee and tea plantations as well as teak forests of great economic value. The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including the Anaimalai Hills, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.[2]
[edit] GeographyThese hills are located between 10° 13' and 10° 31' N. and 76° 52' and 77° 23' E., central point: 10°22′N 77°07.5′E / 10.367°N 77.125°E. They form a southern portion of the Western Ghats. Anamalai Hills are south of where the Western Ghats are broken by the Palghat Gap, which in turn is south of the Nilgiri Hills. They constitute the meeting point of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. They border the state of Kerala on the Southwest and the Cardamom Hills to the southeast. To the east are the Palni Hills. Their geological formation is metamorphic gneiss, veined with felspar and quartz, and interspersed with reddish porphyrite.[3] Twelve Major forest types are found in the area which are now fragmented by many coffee and tea plantations on the lower slopes and teak plantations higher up. Monsoon rains are heavy. Annual rainfall varies from 2,000 mm to 5,000 mm in the area.[4] [edit] FaunaAnaimalai hills are known for their abundant wildlife. Eravikulam National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Anamalais Tiger Reserve and the adjacentThe Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in these hills are well known for elephants. Numerous wildlife species can be seen including elephants, gaur, water buffaloes, tigers, panthers, sloth bears, pangolins, Black-headed Orioles, crocodiles, Green Pigeons, civet cats, Dhole, Sambar and 31 groups of endangered lion-tailed macaques.[5],[6] Birds seen include Pied hornbill, Red Whiskered Bulbul and Drongo. [edit] Hydrology There are several rivers in the area including: the Aliayar river, Apambar River, Chinnar River, Kaddambarrai river, the Neerar river, Mannambhally, Pambar River and Parambikulam River. There are several large dams are in the area including: Aliayar Dam, Amaravathi Dam, Kaddambarrai dam, Neerar Dam, Sholayar Dam (one of the biggest of its kind in Asia), Mannambhally Dam, and the largest capacity dam in India, the Parambikulam Dam. [edit] Visitor information The Anaimalai hills are a trekking destination in the Western Ghats. The best time to visit this place is during November to mid May. SH-17 passes through the Anaimalai Hills, between Udumalapet and Munnar. The nearest railway station is in the nearest town, Udumalapet. The nearest airport is in Coimbatore. [edit] Further reading
[edit] References
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