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All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd. (全日本空輸株式会社 Zen Nippon Kūyu Kabushiki-gaisha, TYO: 9202, LSE: ANA), also known as Zennikkū (全日空) or ANA, is an airline headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.[2][3] It operates services to 49 destinations in Japan and 35 international routes[4] and employed 14,179 employees as of May 2009.[5] ANA's main international hubs are at Narita International Airport outside Tokyo and Kansai International Airport in Osaka. Its main domestic hubs are at Tokyo International Airport, Osaka International Airport, Chūbu Centrair International Airport (near Nagoya), and New Chitose Airport (near Sapporo).[6] In addition to its mainline operations, ANA controls several smaller carriers:[7]
ANA has also announced it intends to create at least one low-cost carrier subsidiary with another as of yet unnamed Asian airline by fiscal 2009.[8]
[edit] History[edit] Formation ANA's earliest ancestor was Nippon Helicopter and Aeroplane (日本ヘリコプター輸送 Nippon Herikoputā Yusō), an airline company founded on 27 December 1952.[9] Nippon Helicopter was the source of what would later be ANA's IATA airline code, NH.[10] NH began helicopter services in February 1953. On 15 December 1953, it operated its first cargo flight between Osaka and Tokyo using a de Havilland Dove, JA5008.[9] This was the first scheduled flight flown by a Japanese pilot in postwar Japan. Passenger service on the same route began on 1 February 1954, and was upgraded to a de Havilland Heron in March.[citation needed] In 1955, the Douglas DC-3 plane began flying for NH as well,[9] by which time the airline's route network extended from northern Kyūshū to Sapporo. ANA's other ancestor was Far East Airlines (極東航空 Kyokutō Kōkū).[11] Although it was founded on 26 December 1952, one day before NH, it did not begin operations until 20 January 1954, when it began night cargo runs between Osaka and Tokyo, also using a de Havilland Dove. It adopted the DC-3 in early 1957, by which point its route network extended through southern Japan from Tokyo to Kagoshima.[citation needed] FEA merged with NH in March 1958. The combined companies had a total market capitalization of 600 million yen.[9] They initially planned to use the name Zen Nippon Kōkū (全日本航空) or "All Japan Airlines" for the combined company. However, the statute authorizing the formation of Japan Airlines also banned any other company from using the words "Japan Airlines" (Nippon Kōkū) in its name, so the English name was changed to "All Nippon Airways" and the Japanese word kōkū (航空, "airline") was changed to kūyu (空輸, literally "air transport").[citation needed] [edit] Domestic era ANA grew steadily through the 1960s, adding the Vickers Viscount to the fleet in 1960 and the Fokker F27 in 1961.[9] October 1961 marked ANA's debut at the Tokyo Stock Exchange as well as the Osaka Securities Exchange;[9] in the same year, the airline was granted a permit to operate flights to Okinawa, technically international flights since Okinawa remained occupied by the US military.[citation needed] 1963 saw another merger, this one with Fujita Airlines, raising the company's capital to 4.65 billion yen.[9] In 1965, ANA introduced jet services with Boeing 727s on the Tokyo-Sapporo route. It also introduced Japan's first homegrown turboprop airliner, the YS-11 in 1965, to replace Convair 440s on local routes.[9] In 1969, ANA introduced Boeing 737 service.[9] As ANA grew, it started to contract travel companies across Japan to handle ground services in each region. This strategy was unique to ANA at that time.[citation needed] Many of these companies received shares in ANA as part of their deals. Some of these relationships continue today in different forms: for instance, Nagoya Railroad, which handled ANA's operations in the Chūbu region, maintains a permanent seat on ANA's board of directors.[citation needed] ANA soon became Japan's largest domestic airline.[citation needed] However, the Ministry of Transportation had granted JAL a monopoly on international scheduled flights, which remained intact until 1986. ANA was allowed to operate international charter flights: its first was a 727 charter from Tokyo to Hong Kong on February 3, 1971.[citation needed] In 1975 All Nippon Airways was headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.[12] ANA purchased its first widebody aircraft, six Lockheed L-1011s, in November 1972, following a lengthy sales effort by Lockheed which had involved negotiations between US president Richard Nixon, Japanese premier Kakuei Tanaka and UK premier Edward Heath (lobbying in favor of engine maker Rolls-Royce). Tanaka also pressed Japanese regulators to permit ANA to operate on Asia routes as part of the package.[13] The aircraft entered service on the Tokyo-Okinawa route in 1974. The carrier had initially ordered McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, but cancelled the order at the last minute and switched to Lockheed. It was later revealed that Lockheed had indirectly bribed Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka to force this switch: the ensuing scandal led to the arrest of Tanaka and several managers from ANA and Lockheed sales agent Marubeni for corruption.[14] Boeing 747s were introduced on the Tokyo-Sapporo and Tokyo-Fukuoka routes in 1978, and Boeing 767s were introduced in 1983[15] on Shikoku routes. [edit] International era.jpg) In 1986, ANA began to expand beyond Japan's key domestic carrier to become a competitive international carrier as well.[citation needed] On 3 March 1986, ANA started scheduled international flights with a passenger service from Tokyo to Guam.[16] Flights to Los Angeles and Washington followed by year's end, and ANA also entered a service agreement with American Airlines to feed the US carrier's new flights to Narita.[citation needed] ANA expanded its international services gradually: to Beijing, Dalian, Hong Kong and Sydney in 1987; to Seoul in 1988; to London and Saipan in 1989; to Paris in 1990 and to New York in 1991.[citation needed] Airbus equipment such as the A320 and A321 was added to the fleet in the early 1990s, as was the Boeing 747-481 jet. ANA joined the Star Alliance in October 1999.[17] In 2000 ANA was headquartered by Tokyo International Airport in Ōta.[18] Shiodome City Center, which became ANA's headquarters, opened in 2003.[19] 2004 saw ANA's profits exceed JAL's for the first time. That year, facing a surplus of slots due to the construction of new airports and the ongoing expansion of Haneda airport, ANA announced a fleet renewal plan that would replace some of its large aircraft with a greater number of smaller aircraft.[20] Also in 2004, ANA set up low-cost subsidiary Air Next to operate flights from Fukuoka Airport starting in 2005, and became the majority shareholder in Nakanihon Airline Service (NAL) headquartered in Nagoya Airport.[21] In 2005, ANA renamed NAL to Air Central, and relocated its headquarters to Chūbu Centrair International Airport.[22] On July 12, 2005, ANA reached a deal with NYK to sell its 27.6% share in Nippon Cargo Airlines, a joint venture formed between the two companies in 1987.[23] The sale allowed ANA to focus on developing its own cargo division. In 2006, ANA, Japan Post, Nippon Express, and Mitsui O.S.K. Lines founded ANA & JP Express (AJV), which would operate freighters. ANA is the top shareholder of AJV. It absorbed Air Japan's freighter operations. Air Transport World named ANA its 2007 "Airline of the Year." In 2006, the airline was recognized by FlightOnTime.info as the most punctual scheduled airline between London and Tokyo for the last four consecutive years, based on official British statistics.[citation needed] Japan Airlines took over the title in 2007. In 2009, ANA announced plans to test an idea as part of the airline's "e-flight" campaign, encouraging passengers on select flights to visit the airport restroom before they board.[24][25] On November 10 of the same year, ANA also announced "Inspiration of Japan", ANA's newest international flight concept. Such features included fully-lie-flat-bed business class seats (the first for a Japanese airline), nearly-enclosed first class suite seats, fixed shell back seats in both of its economy classes (42-inch pitch in premium economy, which is shared for the largest pitch in its class along with its fellow Star Alliance member Thai Airways International on its Airbus A340-500s; 34-inch pitch in economy, above average than most airlines), a new AVOD in-flight entertainment system (based on Panasonic Avionics Corporation's eX2 technology with iPod connectivity, in-seat shopping and meal ordering as well as premium cabin touchscreen consoles) as well as improvements to its in-flight service. ANA will also introduce a new lounge and check-in concept at Narita for first class and ANA Mileage Club's Diamond Service elite members. This concept debuts on February 20, 2010 with the delivery of its new Boeing 777-300ER prior to that date, followed by the introduction of the concept on that date on the Narita-New York route. This concept will eventually be refitted on its existing 777-300ERs for service on other North American routes as well as its European routes, and parts of it may eventually be phased into its existing Boeing 767-300ERs in service as well as the upcoming Boeing 787s in order.[26][27][28] [edit] Destinations Main article: All Nippon Airways destinations ANA has an extensive domestic route network that covers the entirety of Japan, from Hokkaido in the north to Okinawa in the south. ANA's international route network extends through China, Korea, and Southeast Asia, United States and Western Europe. Its key international hub is Narita International Airport, where it shares the South Wing of Terminal 1 with its Star Alliance partners.[29] [edit] FleetThe ANA fleet includes the following aircraft (at April 30, 2009):[1]
 The average age of All Nippon Airways fleet is 10.5 years as of July 2009.[31]  [edit] Future fleetANA is the launch customer for the new Boeing widebody, the Boeing 787, ordering 50 examples with an option for 50 more during April 2004. Deliveries will begin in late 2010. ANA has split the order between 30 of the short-range 787-3 and 20 of the long haul 787-8 and during October 2004 announced it had selected Rolls-Royce to supply the engines. The aircraft will allow new routes to be opened to mid-sized cities not previously served, such as Denver and Montreal. Boeing is scheduled to deliver the first Boeing 787 to launch customer ANA in late 2010. On 17 February 2005, ANA signed a contract for an additional four Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, bringing the order total for that model to ten, the first of which was delivered in October 2004.[citation needed] Seven 777-300s (all of which were delivered), twenty 777-200s (fourteen of which have been delivered), and seven 777-200ERs (six of which have been delivered) were also ordered, according to Air International (April 2005)[citation needed]. The airline has contracted for three A320s and is in the process of leasing two others as a temporary measure until their 737-700 deliveries are complete. Thereafter, A320s will be withdrawn for domestic service but will remain in the fleet. Five A320-200s were ordered to serve Chinese routes because they could carry Unit Load Devices (containers) while B737s could not.[citation needed] ANA announced on 31 January 2006 that it would be converting two of its previously ordered 737-700s to 737-700ERs, thus becoming the launch customer of this longest-range version of the 737.[citation needed] ANA announced on March 6, 2007 that it had ordered 4 Boeing 777-300ER aircraft as part of its continued fleet expansion.[citation needed] Originally, there was more than one YS-11 in the All Nippon Airways fleet, although most of the YS-11's were used under the name of ANK, or Air Nippon, a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways.[citation needed] Most all of these YS-11's are in museums, or otherwise scrapped or taken apart.[citation needed] After a final retirement process through September 2006, all YS-11's were downed, obligated to retire, unless privately owned and were privately renovated. The YS-11 was a big part of All Nippon Airways back in the 1970s to the early 1990s, when it was used as a domestic carrier throughout the Japanese industry of flight.[citation needed] ANA flew their last flight of their Airbus A321 on February 29, 2008, which was flight 864 from Hakodate to Tokyo Haneda, arriving at Haneda at 20:25 (8:25 p.m.). This marked the end of almost 10 years of operation of the Airbus A321, in which ANA was the first and the only customer in the country of Japan to operate this kind of aircraft.[32] ANA was the launch customer of Japan's newest jet since the NAMC YS-11, the Mitsubishi Regional Jet. The airline ordered 15 MRJ90 aircraft with an option for an additional 10 on March 27, 2008.[33] ANA has plans to purchase 5 Airbus A380's according to Nikkei business daily. As surging fuel prices pressure airlines, ANA aims to save fuel by using the A380, which can carry more passengers on fewer flights, while delays in the delivery of Boeing 787 Dreamliner have also led ANA to consider purchasing A380s.[34] However, this plan has been postponed amid low passenger demand.[35] [edit] Special liveries ANA operates 15 specially painted aircraft:[1]
[edit]As of May 2009, All Nippon Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[37]
ANA also codeshares with Deutsche Bahn for rail service feeding Frankfurt Airport. [edit] Subsidiaries.jpg) ANA Group is a group of companies which are wholly or primarily owned by ANA. It comprises [39]: [edit] Airlines
[edit] General aviation
[edit] ANA/UPS - All Nippon/United Parcel dealThese entities - ANA and the United Parcel Service (UPS) - have formed a cargo alliance and code-share to transport member cargo, similar to an airline alliance.[40][41] [edit] Freight and airmail[edit] ANA CargoANA Cargo is the brand of ANA Group's freight service. As of June 2007, domestically it offers 937 daily flights on 135 routes. Internationally it offers 704 weekly flights to 28 destinations via ANA and ANA & JP Express. In the fiscal year ended on 31 March 2007 it earned 30,574 million yens (Mys) from freight and 8,936 Mys from airmail domestically as well as 62,195 Mys from freight and 3,438 Mys from airmail internationally.[42] It owns four Boeing 767-300F freighters as well as is wet leasing two Boeing 767-200S from ABX Air. [edit] ANA and Nippon Cargo AirlinesANA was a founding (1978) and one of the two co-leading (27.5-percent each) shareholders of Nippon Cargo Airlines, with shipping company Nippon Yusen. But in 2005 ANA sold its all stake to the co-leading partner. The technical partnership is continuing.[43] [edit] Incidents and accidents
[edit] See also[edit] References
[edit] External links
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