An aleatory contract is a contract in which the performance of one or both parties is contingent upon the occurrence of a particular event. The most common type of aleatory contract are insurance policies.^[1][2] Such insurance contracts may be a boon to one party but create a major loss for the other, as more in benefits may be paid out than actual premiums received, or vice versa.^[3]

Gambling contracts and many modern forms of derivatives and options may in some cases also be considered aleatory contracts. For example, the French civil code contains a chapter on aleatory contracts, with specific provisions for gaming (gambling) and life annuities.^[4]

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