The Albertinian line was a line of the Habsburg dynasty, begun by Albert III, who, after death of his brother Rudolf IV the Founder, split the Habsburg territories with his brother. Albert was the prince of the Duchy of Austria, while the southern territories (Inner Austria) were ruled by his brother - Leopold III. Albert's son was also called Albert, who took the rule over his territories in 1394 as Albert IV. He has died in 1404 leaving a wife, Joan of Wittelsbach and a son - Albert V, who became King of the Romans, King of Bohemia and of Hungary. Albert had married Elisabeth, daughter of the king of Hungary and Bohemia, Sigismund of Luxemburg, and after his death in 1437, he was crowned as the king of these countries. He died a year later.

He left a son who was born only after his death, known as Ladislaus Posthumus. Ladislaus had to wait for many years for the moment when he could start to govern his territories. He became the real ruler of Hungary only after the death of Janos Hunyadi. He had no children, and his death in 1457 ended the history of the Albertinian line. Its holdings in Austria reverted to the Leopoldian line. A descendent of this line was Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, the father of the King George I of Great Britain, and ancestor of the Queen Elizabeth II.