Alan Ford
Alan Ford issue #1 (1969)
Story	Max Bunker
Ink	Magnus
Date	1969
Pages	120
Layout	2 images per page

Alan Ford is an Italian comic book created by Max Bunker (Luciano Secchi) and Magnus (Roberto Raviola), in print since 1969.^[1] The comic book is a satirical take on classic secret agents laden with surreal and black humour, sardonic references to aspects of the contemporary Italian and Western society. Although it became widely popular in Italy shortly after its introduction, Alan Ford remained relatively unknown outside Italy. The French and Brazilian editions soon failed but the only other foreign edition, in SFR Yugoslavia, was a huge success, becoming and remaining one of the most popular comic books in the former country and its successors.^[2][3]

Although the initial plot in the first few episodes develops around an agent called Alan Ford, he is later just one of the central group of characters: Group TNT is an assembly of misfit secret agents, who operate from a flower shop in New York, USA, which they use as a front for their secret headquarters. They are incompetent and lazy, yet intelligent and cunning, especially when it suits their own personal interests. Their outlandish biographies are dwarfed by that of their iron-fisted and shrewd leader, the wheelchair-ridden Number One, a Methusalem character who embezzles the millions paid to the group by American government or City Fathers for secret missions, while paying a pittance to his agents.

The comic book ridicules aspects of American society, including capitalism and racism. There were also direct references to local Italian reality, whose social ills were often satirized by Magnus & Bunker, as well as terms in Milanese dialect.

Alan Ford is published monthly by Max Bunker Press in Italy. There are also editions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (at least 4 different editions, as of 2008), Serbia and Slovenia. Republic of Macedonia edition was also available for a while, and the Serbian editions are now imported into Macedonia, still remaining hugely popular. The comic book has been adapted to animated film and theater plays, as well as used as a source of inspiration in books and movies.

[edit] History

Alan Ford merchandise can often be seen in lands of Croatia (formerly part of Yugoslavia).

Three years before the comic book was published in May 1969, Max Bunker, along with illustrator Magnus, had the idea to create a satire of James Bond (they had previously created a serious spy character, Dennis Cobb). The initial script was written in August 1967 and the dialog revised in April 1968. The script included six main characters (Alan Ford, Bob Rock, Sir Oliver, The Boss, Jeremiah and Grunf), but the creators decided to omit Sir Oliver in the ultimate revision (July 1968), for fear of overwhelming readers with characters in the first issue. Raviola decided to base the drawing of Alan Ford on Irish actor Peter O'Toole.

According to Max Bunker, he wanted to create a comic book which did not fall into either of the then predefined categories of adventures and dark comics, like Satanik or Kriminal (both by Bunker and Raviola), or traditionally funny comics, like Mickey Mouse.^[4]

The first issue of the comic book, entitled "Group TNT", was received mildly by its audience. The second issue, entitled "The Rotten Tooth" appeared in June 1968, introduced the Sir Oliver character, and was overshadowed by the first issue's lack of success. The reputation of Alan Ford grew with subsequent issues.

The character of Number One was introduced later into the series, in the 11th issue named "The Number One". Cirano first appeared in the 18th issue ("Dog For Million Dollars"), when he was adopted by Bob Rock, albeit unwillingly.

Raviola drew the first 75 issues, after which he was replaced by Paolo Piffarerio in 1975. In 1983, when the comic book moved to another publisher, Max Bunker Press, Raffaele della Monica and Giuliano Piccinnino replaced Piffarerio. Many readers think that the first issues, those drawn by Raviola, are the best.

Currently the comic book is drawn by Dario Perucca (who also draws covers) with inks by Omar Pistolato. In its entire story the drawing style has remained the same set by Magnus.

[edit] Translations

Alan Ford was only translated into French, Croatian, Portuguese and in the 1990s subsequent Macedonian, Serbian and Slovenian editions appeared. The French and Macedonian editions only saw twelve issues before they got dropped due to poor sales. The Portuguese edition only saw about three issues. And it was also translated in Albanian in Kosovo which saw only five issues before they got dropped for the same reason poor sales.

[edit] Ex-Yugoslavia

A scene from 13th issue "Golf", Vjesnik's translation. Grunf presents his transportation invention to Bob Rock.

Alan Ford reached great success in former Yugoslavia and quickly became the best selling comic book, reaching a cult status, and is still^[update] popular and well known. Socks with Alan Ford pictures on them can be still bought in Croatian supermarkets (as of 2006).

The comic book was first published by Vjesnik from Zagreb in 1972. Much of the comic book's success in Croatia is due to Nenad Brixy's distinctive translation, rich in baroque-sounding Croatisms, which were almost forgotten in recent times. This edition is still a popular collectors' item.

Some of Vjesnik's editions were occasionally censored by the publisher. For example, in issue number 16, "Don't vote for Notax", a line making fun of American racism, reading "Firstly, I promise that we will get rid of the Blacks. ... This is a country of the white race, and who doesn't think that way will get punished..." was changed to "Firstly, I promise that we will get rid of our enemy. This is our country and who doesn't think that way will..." Certain pictures from the book were removed or repainted in some editions, while in some other editions those very same pictures appeared in original version.

After the break up of Yugoslavia, Borgis continued publishing for the Croatian market, keeping the original series title Alan Ford Superstrip. Maverick from Kraljevo initially started publishing for Serbian market, and was later picked up by Svet. In 2000s, the original episodes in Brixy's translation are reprinted by Strip-agent in Croatia, under the title Alan Ford Klasik, again with great success and high circulation. Strip-agent is also publishing Alan Ford Extra (new Italian episodes), and Priče broja 1 (Number One's Stories).

In the mid-1990s, a theater play Alan Ford was performed in Teatar T in Belgrade. The play was an original story with most of the characters from the comic book, mostly based on the episode #30 "The Bearded Gang", but with numerous references to other episodes and characters. The play was performed in Croatian language, as used by Brixy.

[edit] France

In France, the comic book debuted in 1975 published by Sagédition and lasted for only twelve issues. As Magnus became better known in France, this edition became a collectors' item.

In 2003, a small independent publisher Taupinambour started another edition with new issues.

A young version of Count Oliver. Cover for Alan Ford #83, May 1976. Art by Paolo Piffarerio.

Superciuk, the most popular villain of the series, portrayed on the cover of Alan Ford #171 (September 1983). Art by Raffaele Della Monica.

[edit] Brazil

In Brazil, the comic book debuted also in 1975 published by Editora Vecchi and lasted for about only three issues.

[edit] Main characters

• The Number One (Il Numero Uno), a very old disabled man (he has memories from Ancient Greece and claims to have met characters such as Homer and Robespierre), is the supreme leader of group TNT. He treats the other agents severely. He has lots of connections, including a pocket-sized "black book" containing the indiscretions of everyone in the world. The NYPD often turns to him for help. He lives in a secret shelter away from the flower shop.
• Alan Ford is a naive, shy and modest young man. He appears to be the only person in the group to display anything resembling moral values. He's in love with an attractive spy, Margot, he had met in the 1970s as one of the group's enemies. He grew up in a grim Catholic orphanage.
• Minuette Macon, a beautiful French girl who since 2005 lives with Alan.
• Bob Rock, a short-tempered but very clever agent, is frustrated about his looks (he is very short, with a very large nose, graphically inspired by Magnus). An orphan like Alan, his twin brothers became bank robbers.
• Sir Oliver (Il Conte Oliver), is a financially strapped English nobleman who left his homeland in disgrace after being sought by the police for various large scale theft offences. A very skilled and stylish orator, he takes full advantage of his perceived high-society stature to rob his unsuspecting victims.
• The Boss (Cariatide, i.e. the Caryatid), theorically Number One's right hand, is in practice a very lazy agent who strives to avoid work at all costs and sleeps all day in the flower shop. His real name is Gervasius De Statuis.
• Jeremiah (Geremia aka Geremia Lettiga, i.e. "Jeremiah Stretcher") is a hypochondriac, decrepit old man, whose duty is usually to guard the flower shop. An Italian immigrant, his bad health has been caused by his former job of street vendor and his destitute life (he used to sleep outdoors).
• Grunf, a naturalized German-born inventor, changed his name from Grunt to Grunf on leaving his native country. His inventions are usually half-baked. His real name is Otto Grunt, and he fought in the First and Second World war as an incompetent Luftwaffe mechanic.
• Cirano, Bob Rock's dog, often participates in the group's missions. He is a smart dog, though easily bribed with food.
• Clodoveo (Clovis), a rather intelligent talking parrot, lives with Number One and helps brainstorm the group's missions, even though normally he quarrels with his master. His first appereance was in #100 "Black Mountains of South Dakota".
• Squitty is The Boss' hamster. He is always fed good, and that's why he is very fat, just like The Boss. Cirano is the one who always wants to eat him, but alwys fails. His first appearance was in #21 "Bombafobia".

Many of the TNT Group members have disappeared from most recent issues, and the group currently consists of Alan, Minuette and Clodoveo, under the name "Investigation agency T.N.T at low cost".

[edit] Main enemies

• Superciuk (pronounced "Superchook", meaning-wise communicating something like "Superdrunk") is the most prominent villain of the series, sometimes being the main subject of the plot. He steals from poor people and gives to rich, like an anti-Robin Hood of sorts. His main weapon is his deadly breath, alimented with poor quality Barbera and onion tomatoes: in Italian «chook» sounds like «ciucco», i.e. "very drunk". In his normal life Superciuk is a street-sweeper who is costantly vexed by his companion, Beppa Giosef.
• Gommaflex was created for the television adaptation of the comic book. This character has a rubber face which can assume the lineaments of everybody, using this capability for criminal intents. His name is based on his powers, because "Gomma" means "Rubber" in Italian and "Flex" is intended as short for "flexibility". He is, in a way, similar to the Spider-Man villain, Chameleon.
• Anten Man is perhaps inspired by Silvio Berlusconi when he was simply a TV and publishing industry man. He tries to achieve a monopoly in broadcasting by obscurating the transmissions of other companies. "Anten" refers to "antenna".

Other enemies, whose names are normally puns in Italian language, are Katodik, the two killers Frit and Frut, Mr. Tromb, Wurdalak the vampire (coming from the pages of Satanik), the scientist Aseptik, the quick-change Arsenico Lupon (pun of Arsène Lupin) and the ghost gangster Baby Kate.

[edit] Animation

Alan Ford was also transposed in 1988 into a low-budget, straight-to-video 30 minutes animated short called "Alan Ford el il Gruppo TNT contro SuperCiuk" ("Alan Ford and the TNT Group vs. SuperCiuk"). It was produced by Max Bunker Press and was based on the SuperCiuk story already published in the comic series.

The animation was fairly good, despite the large use of tricks (ie. repeating backgrounds), some limited animation and sporadic defects.

[edit] Popular references

• In Emir Kusturica's film Black Cat, White Cat, one of the characters reads Alan Ford throughout the film. Also most of the transport contraptions used by another character in the movie are directly inspired by Grunf's inventions.
• Prljavo Kazalište, a Croatian rock band named after a name of theater in an issue of Alan Ford.
• Pero Defformero, a Serbian metal band named after one of characters.
• Superhiks, a Macedonian rock band named after one of the villains in Alan Ford, Superciuk.
• In a Croatian punk rock band's, KUD Idijoti, song "Za tebe", one of the verses is Kad srce radi bi-bam ba-bam (When heart is going bi-bam ba-bam), a title of the 32nd issue of Alan Ford in Vjesnik's translation. And one other song of the same band is called Daj, daj, daj, a title of 5th issue of Alan Ford in Vjesnik's translation.
• Numerous lines and catchphrases from Alan Ford entered Croatian and Serbian slang. Number One, the name of an ageless terrible leader of TNT group, is sometimes used when jokingly referring to any old and crotchey person. Similarly, the name of main villain Superchuck (Superhik in Croatian) who has a notorious alcohol problem, is sometimes used when joking about any drunkard. Sir Oliver's entering line, which he used in almost every episode when he would call his pawnbroker Bing to sell him some stolen goods, "Hello, Bing, how's the brother?", also became a sort of a catchphrase amongst numerous Alan Ford fans in Croatia. Sir Oliver's line "cijena, prava sitnica" (Price? A bargain!) is now commonplace for "it's too expensive".
• One of the weapons in the game Serious Sam II, created by the Croatian software house Croteam, is a bomb-carrying parrot named "Clawdovic" or "Klodovik". Klodovik was also the name of the parrot Clodoveo in the Croatian editions of the comic book.

[edit] Popular quotes

• "If you want to win you must not lose" – Grunf
• "The one who flies is worthy. The one who is worthy flies. The one who doesn't fly isn't worthy" – motto on Grunf's pilot T-shirt (possibly the original Italian sentence is a Fascist slogan devised by Italo Balbo)
• "To get the end, you must go back to the start" - Grandmother Yelsh
• "Better to wear down your feet running than to die with unworn feet." - another motto from Grunf's T-shirt
• "Forgot to breathe" - inscription on a tombstone
• "Beaten by mosquitoes cal. 7,62" - inscription on a tombstone
• "Better to live hundred years as a millionaire, than one week in poverty!" - Bob Rock
• "Easiest way to turn defeat into a victory is to put on the enemy's uniform" - Number One
• "Drugs makes you feel you are in heaven, when in fact you are in hell" - Number One
• "Better strategic retreat than dishonorable defeat" - Number One
• "My dear Methusalem, you are young and strong while I am weak and old" - Number One (talking to the biblical Methusalem)

[edit] References

Footnotes

This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2009)

[edit] External links

• Alan Ford Serbian edition
• Magnus official site
• Max Bunker official site (Italian)
• The Alan Ford Collection (Italian)
• Belgrade Alan Ford Page (Serbian)
• Alan Ford - Grupa TNT (Croatian)
• Alan Ford on A tutto Comics! (Italian)
• Alan Ford naše mladosti (Croatian)