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Air India Limited[3] (Hindi: एअर इंडिया) is the national airline of India, flying a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services. Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National Aviation Company of India Limited - which was created in 2007 to facilitate Air India's merger with Indian Airlines.[4]. Air India is the 16th largest airline in Asia,[5] serving 25 destinations worldwide, and, with its affiliated carriers, serves over 100 cities. Air India has codeshare agreements with 13 other international airlines.[6] In 2010, Air India is expected to join Star Alliance, the world's largest airline alliance[7][8]. At the joining ceremony of Continental Airlines at Newark Liberty International Airport, the representative of Air India stated that the expected time frame of Air India joining the alliance is second quarter 2010.[9]
History   Air India was founded by J. R. D. Tata in 1932 as Tata Airlines, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group). On 15 October 1932, J. R. D. Tata flew a single-engined De Havilland Puss Moth carrying air mail (postal mail of Imperial Airways) from Karachi's Drigh Road Aerodrome to Bombay's Juhu Airstrip via Ahmedabad. The aircraft continued to Madras via Bellary piloted by former Royal Air Force pilot Nevill Vintcent. Following the end of World War II, regular commercial service was restored in India and Tata Airlines became a public limited company on 29 July 1946 under the name Air India. In 1948, after the Independence of India, 49% of the airline was acquired by the Government of India, with an option to purchase an additional 2%. In return, the airline was granted status to operate international services from India as the designated flag carrier under the name Air India International. On 8 June 1948, a Lockheed Constellation L-749A named Malabar Princess (registered VT-CQP) took off from Bombay bound for London via Cairo and Geneva. This marked the airline's first long-haul international flight, soon followed by service in 1950 to Nairobi via Aden. On 1 August 1953, the Government of India exercised its option to purchase a majority stake in the carrier and Air India International Limited was born as one of the fruits of the Air Corporations Act that nationalised the air transportation industry. At the same time all domestic services were transferred to Indian Airlines. In 1954, the airline took delivery of its first L-1049 Super Constellations and inaugurated services to Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore. Air India International entered the jet age in 1960 when its first Boeing 707-420, named Gauri Shankar (registered VT-DJJ), was delivered. Jet services to New York City via London were inaugurated that same year on 14th May 1960. On 8 June 1962, the airline's name was officially truncated to Air India. On 11 June 1962, Air India became the world's first all-jet airline. On 8 March 2004, International Women's Day, the airline operated an "All Women Flight" from Mumbai to Singapore.[10] Captain Rashmi Miranda, who became Air-India's first female Commander in November 2003 and Captain Kshmata Bajpai piloted the flight, an Airbus A310-300 aircraft. The flight dispatch activities relating to this flight were also coordinated by a female Flight Dispatcher, Vasanti Kolnad. The Safety Audit on board was also conducted by another woman, Harpreet D Singh. The airline has seventeen female pilots, including five trainee pilots. Expansion  In 1970, Air India moved its offices to downtown Bombay. The next year, the airline took delivery of its first Boeing 747-200B named Emperor Ashoka (registered VT-EBD). This coincided with the introduction of the 'Palace In The Sky' livery and branding. A distinctive feature of this livery is the paintwork around each aircraft window, in the cusped arch style of windows in Indian palaces. In 1986 Air India took delivery of the Airbus A310-300; the airline is the largest operator of this type in passenger service. In 1988, Air India also took delivery of two Boeing 747-300Ms in mixed passenger-cargo configuration. In 1989, to supplement its "Flying Palace" livery, Air India introduced a new "sun" livery that was mostly white but had a golden sun on a red tail. Only applied to around a half of Air India's fleet, the new livery did not succeed, as the Indian flying public complained about the phasing out of the classic colours. The new livery was dropped after two years and the old scheme was returned. In 1993, Air India took delivery of the flagship of its fleet when the first Boeing 747-400 named Konark (registered VT-ESM) made history by operating the first non-stop flight between New York City and Delhi. In 1994 the airline was registered as Air India Ltd. In 1996, the airline inaugurated service to its second US gateway at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. In 1999, the airline opened its dedicated Terminal 2-C at the newly renamed Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai. In 2000, Air India introduced services to Shanghai and to its third US gateway at Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark. On May 2004, Air India launched a wholly-owned low cost airline called Air-India Express. Air India Express connecting cities in India with the Middle East, Southeast Asia and the Subcontinent. In 2004 Air India also launched flights to its fourth US gateway at Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles (which has since been terminated) and expanded its international routes to include flights from Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bangalore and Hyderabad. On 1 March 2009 Air India made Frankfurt Airport its European Hub for its Trans-Atlantic North American Operations. Air India is planning to add Washington, D.C. to its North American destinations from December 1, 2009; the flight starts at Washington's Dulles International Airport and stops at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City and then flies non-stop to New Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport.[11] Re-Privatisation PlansIn 2001, Air India was put up for sale by the then NDA government[12]. One of the bids was by a consortium of Tata Group-Singapore Airlines. However the re-privatisation plans were shelved after Singapore Airlines pulled out and the global economy slumped[13]. In 2007, the Government of India announced that Air India would be merged with Indian Airlines. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India Express) and Indian Airlines (along with Alliance Air) will be merged.[14] Once the merger is complete, the airline - which will continue to be called Air India - will continue to be headquartered in Mumbai. Star Alliance announced on 13 December 2007 that it had invited Air India to join as a member.[15][16] Air India is set to become a full Star Alliance member in 2010. India has the world's fastest growing airline industry.[17] However, increasing fuel prices resulted in a 4% decline in air traffic in June 2008.[18] Increasing competition of other major Indian carriers like Jet Airways and Kingfisher Airlines has pushed Air India to third place in India in terms of market share. In July 2008, it was reported that Air India was seeking US$534 million in aid from the Indian government to cover its losses.[19] In the wake of rising fuel prices, the airline decided to hike its air fare in June 2008.[20] Financial CrisisAround 2006-07, the airlines began showing signs of financial distress. The combined losses for Air India and Indian Airlines in 2006-07 were Rs 7.7 billion. After the merger of the airlines, this went up to Rs 72 billion by March 2009.[21] This was followed by restructuring plans which are still in progress.[22]. In July 2009, SBI Capital Markets Ltd was appointed to prepare a road map for the recovery of the airline.[23] The carrier cancelled the purchase of six Boeing 777-300ER in July 2009 [24] and sold three Airbus A300 and one Boeing 747-300M in March 2009 for $ 18.75 million to survive the financial crunch[25]. Destinations Main article: Air India destinations See also: NACIL destinations, Air India Express#Destinations, Air India Regional destinations, Indian Airlines destinations, and Air India Cargo#Destinations Air India serves 9 domestic destinations and 16 international destinations in 11 countries. Together with its subsidiaries the group connects 93 destinations worldwide in 24 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. Passenger operations The airline carried 4.44[26] million passengers during 2005-2006 and achieved a load factor of 66.2 per cent lower than the 69.8 per cent load factor recorded in the preceding year. Air India offers three classes of service – First Class, Executive Class and Economy Class. Flat bed seats are offered for First and Executive Class passengers. Air India’s frequent flyer programme is called Flying Returns and is shared with Indian Airlines and other subsidiaries. Aside from flight mileage, members receive seat discounts, class upgrades, free hotel stays and other benefits. The airline also offers luxury lounges in its ground terminals for its First and Executive class travelers in select destinations within India. Air India has duty free sales on board its flights, named "Sky Bazaar". Maharaja Lounge Maharaja Lounge means "Emperor's Lounge", and is offered to First and Business class passengers. Air India shares lounges with other international airlines at international airports that do not have a Maharaja Lounge available. There are five[27] Maharaja Lounges, one at each of the five major destinations of Air India, which are as following:
FleetSee also: Air India Fleet and NACIL#Fleet Each subsidiary maintains a separate fleet of aircraft. Air India operates an all wide-body fleet composed of Airbus A310, Airbus A330, Boeing 747 and Boeing 777 aircraft.[28] The average age of Air India's fleet, excluding freighter and subsidiary aircraft, is 9.7 years as of June 2009.
Airbus A310-300s fly mainly to medium haul destinations such as Dammam, Hong Kong, Nairobi, Osaka and Shanghai. Two Airbus A310-300 aircraft were previously owned by Singapore Airlines and as such feature the older two-class Singapore Airlines configuration. Business and Economy class seats are standard and no personal televisions (PTVs) are provided in either class. These aircraft will eventually be replaced by the Boeing 787-8.
Airbus A330-200s fly to medium haul destinations such as Paris and Tokyo. Both A330-200s are ex-Novair aircraft and feature Novair's interiors. Widescreen displays are there in both Business and Economy classes but no personal televisions (PTVs). These aircraft will be replaced by the Boeing 787-8.
Boeing 747-400s fly medium haul destinations such as Jeddah, Riyadh & Tokyo. Boeing 747-400s are configured in a 3 class configuration with new interior. First class features a flat bed seat, with up to 180 degree recline. Business class also has premium seats, with added recline and cushioning. Economy class features 32-34 inch seat pitch. All Boeing 747-400 aircraft have undergone complete refurbishment, adding enhancements such as widescreen PTVs with Audio-Video On Demand (AVOD) in all classes and improved seats in First and Business class. The cabin is upgraded with all new economy seats, cushions and upholstery. New overhead bins and aircraft side panels, a new coat of paint for the side trims, new cockpit trims and new toilets are part of the refurbished aircraft.[31] In-flight entertainment on the refurbished Boeing 747-400s features the Thales TopSeries i4000 Entertainment system. This system features 10.4" widescreen displays for First Class and Business Class seats and 8.4" widescreen PTVs in Economy Class seats. The Boeing 747-400 began service in late 1993 and were primarily brought in to replace the aging fleet of Boeing 747-200Bs. They have been named after places of cultural interest in India. All Boeing 747-400 aircraft are due to be retired by 2016, and will be replaced by Boeing 777-200LR and Boeing 777-300ER aircraft.
 Boeing 777s fly to short-, medium haul destinations such as Dubai, Frankfurt, London, Tokyo and long haul destinations such as Chicago, New York City, Newark and Toronto. Air India operates several variants of the Boeing 777 — the Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-200LR and Boeing 777-300ER. The Boeing 777-200 and Boeing 777-200ER in the fleet used to be part of United Airlines, and thus feature United Airlines interiors. All seats in all classes feature a PTV with AVOD, and Business Class and First Class seats are not lie-flat. Air India's recently delivered fleet of Boeing 777-200LR and Boeing 777-300ER aircraft feature new interiors. The airline opted for the Thales TopSeries i5000 entertainment system for in-flight entertainment on board its new Boeing 777-200LRs and Boeing 777-300ERs.[32]. First Class features flatbeds with 23 inch widescreen PTVs with AVOD. The seats include an in-seat massage function, USB ports and laptop power port. Business class is the "shell" type and also converts into a completely flat seat. Business Class seats feature 15 inch widescreen PTVs with laptop power and USB ports. These 777 aircraft feature Air India's new Economy Class seats which have 33 to 35 inch seat pitch and 10.6 inch widescreen PTVs with AVOD. Livery Air India's current livery was unveiled in May 2007.[33] It is a cross between Air India's old predominately red and white livery and Indian Airlines's livery. The new livery was first seen in July 2007 on a new Boeing 777-200LR when Air India and Indian Airlines formally became one airline. The fleets of both airlines will be painted in the new livery. The logo of the combined airline is a Flying Swan with the Konark Chakra placed inside it. The Flying Swan has been adapted from Air India’s characteristic logo, ‘The Centaur’ whereas the Konark Chakra is reminiscent of the Indian Airlines logo. The logo is featured on the tail of the aircraft and the Konark Chakra is on the engines. Colours are red for “Flying Swan” and orange for “Konark Chakra". While the base colour for the new livery is ivory, Air India's characteristic red has been retained. Running parallel to each other are orange and red speed lines from the front door to the rear door. The brand name ‘Air India’ runs across the tail of the aircraft. Air India has codesharing agreements with the following airlines[34][35]:
With Air India's own entry into the Star Alliance (SA) expected in 2010,[36] all other codeshare agreements with non-Star Alliance partners may be terminated.[37] Awards and Recognitions
Air India One The callsign Air India One is used when an Air India aircraft is being used by the government of India for the transportation of the Prime Minister or President of India. Normally a Boeing 747-400 aircraft is used for overseas visits. Subsidiaries Air India's current subsidiaries are Air India Cargo, a separate division that provides air cargo services with a dedicated fleet, and Air-India Express, a low-cost airline that operates flights mainly to the Middle East. With the merger of Indian Airlines and its subsidiary Air India Regional into Air India, these two airlines will be folded into Air India. Affiliated Carriers
 FinancialsThe profitability of Air India as published in the 2004-2005 annual report by Ministry of Civil Aviation with figures in billions of Indian rupees.
Accidents and incidentsSince it began operations, seven Air India flights have fatally crashed, including one due to a terrorist attack. Air India has a record of 6.82 fatal events per million flights on average.[42]
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