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Main article: Agni missile system
Agni-III is an intermediate-range ballistic missile under development by India as the successor to Agni-II.[4] The ballistic missile has a range of 3,500 km- 5500 km[5], which means that India is capable of engaging targets deep inside neighbouring countries.[6] Agni-III is therefore expected to be India's nuclear deterrent against the People's Republic of China.
[edit] IntroductionIndian Minimum Credible Nuclear Deterrence envisages a triad of nuclear counterstrike capability. India requires a long range missile to provide robust second strike capability. A missile system that can be dispersed far and wide in the Indian mainland, its far flung islands or its blue water naval assets dispersed across the world's oceans. India is reportedly developing a larger Agni-III missile, with a heavier payload and a longer range but in a compact configuration, i.e. thicker but shorter length. Apparently its development is driven by need for a more assured retaliation that can defeat emerging ABM defenses and countermeasures. Such capability requires a compact missile that can also carry ABM counter-measure payloads along with weapons, in a configuration similar to MIRV, albeit with state of the art decoys. [edit] DescriptionAgni III an intermediate-range ballistic missile was developed by India as the successor to Agni-II.[4] Designed by the Indian government's Defence Research and Development Organisation, Agni III is intended to be a two-stage ballistic missile that is capable of nuclear weapons delivery. The Agni-III has two stages with an overall diameter of 2.0 m. The first stage mass is about 32 tonnes and 7.7 m long, the second stage mass is about 10 tonnes and 3.3 m long. The missile is likely to support a wide range of warhead configurations, with a 4,500 km range and a total payload weight of 2490 kg.[7] The stubby two-stage solid fuel missile is compact and small enough for easy mobility and flexible deployment on various surface/sub-surface platforms. [edit] PropulsionThe Agni-III features two solid fuelled stages and with overall diameter of 2.0 meters. This diameter is compatible with a recently tested Indian sub-surface launch system, which has a 2.3 meter diameter launch tube aperture. [edit] First stage boosterThe first stage booster is made of advanced carbon composite materials to provide high mass fraction. It weighs about 32 tonnes, is 7.7 meters long and diameter of 2 meter. [edit] Second stageThe second stage made of maraging steel weighing about 11 tonnes and a length of 3.3 meters. The second stage has flex nozzles, to provide necessary flight trajectory control. [edit] Maneuvering re-entry vehicle: Agni RV-Mk.4Agni-III supports a wide range of weapons, with total payload weight ranging from ~600 kg to 1,800 kg including decoys and other ABM countermeasures. Instead of conventional bus architecture, the RV (Re-Entry Vehicle) is self-contained with velocity correction package, navigation and re-entry control systems. Lighter and tougher RV body with all carbon composite re-entry heat shield with multi directional carbon re-entry nose tip and control surfaces, the new lightweight composites can withstand temperatures of up to 6000 degrees Celsius, and capable of greater re-entry velocity. The all composite RV has no metal backup. [edit] Agni-III SLBMThe Missile is also called K-X.[8] DRDO is working on a Submarine Launched Version of the Agni-III missile, which will provide India with a credible sea based second strike capability.[9] The SLBM version is a miniaturized version of the Agni-III which is expected to be test fired shortly.[10] [edit] Flight tests and Failure The first test for Agni III was conducted from Wheeler Island off the Bhadrak coast on July 9, 2006.[11] The launch proved to be unsuccessful with the missile falling into the sea off the coast of Orissa, short of reaching the target. According to DRDO, the failure was due to a first stage anomaly that was caused by recirculating hot gases entering the missile-base shroud and damaging the electronic components.[12] Indian Defence Minister Pranab Mukherjee reported it as "partial success" (a trade euphemism to indicate the test generated useful data for diagnosis and correction) as the missile was air-borne for only 5 minutes instead of the expected 15 minutes.[13] [edit] Second Successful TestsAgni-III was test fired again on April 12, 2007 from the Wheeler Island off the coast of Orissa. This time, the launch was declared as a success. India's Cabinet Committee on Security announced that [14] "This test confirms the extent of India's nuclear reach and India's nuclear deterrence as the missile can accurately hit targets at distance more than 3000 km away".[15] Already the most powerful and capable in India's missile inventory, the Agni-III is capable of carrying a variety of warheads, including nuclear warheads and can be launched from various platforms giving India intermediate range ballistic missile firepower and greatly extending India's power projection in the region.[16][17] Agni III was test fired successfully for third time on May 7, 2008.[18] The missile was launched from Balasore, Orissa and is scheduled for the final test in October 2009[19]. After a flight of roughly 15 minutes defense scientists confirmed that the test fire was successful and that the missile met all parameters. The missile has a velocity of 5,000 meters per second. Agni-III is a nuclear capable fully solid propellant fueled surface-to-surface missile, and has a range of 3,500 km. A new software for navigation system fitted on the missile, will increase accuracy and lethality.[20] The successful test on May 7, will open door for next generation Indian Inter Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile Agni-V which will have firing range of 5000-6,000 kilometer.[21] The final development test will be conducted in late 2009 before it is handed over to army for user trails. [edit] References
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