For other uses of the term 'Aga', see Aga. For other uses of the term 'Agha', see Agha.

A Janissary Agha.

Crimean Agha Dedesh, painted in 1664 for king John II Casimir by Daniel Schultz.

Omar Agha, officer for the Kurdish Pasha, Sheikh Mahmoud of Sulaymaniyah of Baban principality, Kurdistan, 1820.^[1]

Agha, also Aga (from Turkish: ağa "chief, master, lord"^[2]), as a title for a civil or military officer, or often part of such title, was placed after the name of certain military functionaries in the Ottoman Empire. At the same time some Court functionaries were entitled to the agha title.

[edit] Military titles

In the Ottoman Empire, commanders of the different branches of military services were called the aghas e.g. azap agha, besli agha, janissary agha: the commanders of azaps, beslis, and janissaries.

This designation was given to commanders of smaller military units too, for instance the beuluk agha, odzsak agha: the commander of a beuluk and odzsak both meaning troops.

[edit] Civilian titles

• The Kizlar Agha was the Chief Black Eunuch; the Kapi Agha was the Chief White Eunuch- both held very important offices at the Sultan's court, within the Topkapı Palace.
• Aga Khan is the title of the leader of the Shia Muslim Nizari Ismaili sect. The title Agha Khan was an honorific title bestowed by Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar of Iran on his son-in-law Hassan Ali Shah (ca.1800-1881), the leader of the Ismaili Shi'as of Persia.

[edit] Other uses

• Aga is used for grandfather by Turks in the west Balkans and in Turkmenistan.
• Agha is both title and family name in Iran, Pakistan, Syria and Afghanistan.
• Agha/Aga is a family name in Egypt and Norway.
• In Romanian, the Turkish title, spelled Aga, was used for the chief of an agie, a law enforcement office
• In Persian, agha is normally used to refer to a male superior, similar to Mister.
• In Tunisia, during the Ottoman Empire, Agha was the ruler of a region (for example Gabes). The name persists as a family name.
• Aga/Agha is used as a proper name by the Moro people of the southern Philippines.
• In Korean, agha or aghi refer to an infant child, or baby.
• Agha is also used as a first name in some cases, e.g. Agha Ganda or Agha Gunda.

[edit] Honorific

Pakistan's former President Yahya Khan also had Agha as the hereditary title. In usage, the title followed the given name. Although the word serves as a non-hereditary title, English-speakers have commonly used Agha as if it formed part of a personal name, as for instance in Mohammad Agha.

[edit] Etymology

The word agha entered English from Turkish,^[2] and the Turkish word comes from the Old Turkic aqa, meaning "elder brother".^[3][4] Ultimately the Old Turkic word, along with its Mongolian cognate aga,^[5] has its origins in the proto-Altaic word "ák'v".

[edit] See also

Look up agha in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Aga.

• State organisation of the Ottoman Empire

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• AllAboutTurkey.com
• RoyalArk - see each present country
• Ottoman empire site- original full version in German (not yet exploited)