Aaltonen is a Finnish surname and may refer to:
- Ali Aaltonen (died 1918), Lieutenant in the Imperial Russian army
- Arvo Aaltonen (1892-1949), Finnish swimmer
- Erkki Aaltonen (1910-1990), Finnish composer
- Lasse Aaltonen, World War II ace
- Mika Aaltonen (born 1965), former Finnish football (soccer) player
- Minna Aaltonen (born 1966), Finnish actress
- Paavo Aaltonen (1919-1962), Finnish gymnast
- Päivi Aaltonen (born 1952), Finnish female archer
- Rauno Aaltonen (born 1938), Finnish former professional rally driver
- Remu Aaltonen, Finnish member of the Hurriganes rock band
- Timo Aaltonen (born 1969), Finnish shot putter
- Uma Aaltonen (born 1940), Finnish author, journalist and former MEP
- Veikko Aaltonen (born 1955), Finnish director, editor, sound editor, production manager and film and television writer and actor
- Wäinö Aaltonen (1894-1966), Finnish artist and sculptor
- Yrjö Aaltonen (1916-1979), Finnish director of photography and actor
