 Iron weights up to 50 kilograms depicted in Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l'épicerie et des industries annexes. To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various mass levels between 10−36 kg and 1053 kg. [edit] 10-25 kg or less | Factor (kg) | Value | Item | | 10−36 | 1.783 × 10−36 kg | One eV/c², the mass equivalent of one electronvolt of energy. | | 3.6 × 10−36 kg | Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c²) | | 10−35 | | | | 10−34 | | | | 10−33 | | | | 10−32 | | | | 10−31 | 9.11 × 10−31 kg | Electron (511 keV/c²), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass. | | 10−30 | | | | 10−29 | | | | 10−28 | 1.9 × 10−28 kg | Muon (106 MeV/c²) | 10−27
yoctogram (yg) | 1.661 × 10−27 kg | Atomic mass unit (u) or dalton (Da) | | 1.673 × 10−27 kg | Proton (938.3 MeV/c²) | | 1.674 × 10−27 kg | Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom | | 1.675 × 10−27 kg | Neutron (939.6 MeV/c²) | | 10−26 | 1.15 × 10−26 kg | Lithium atom (6.941 u) | | 2.99 × 10−26 kg | Water molecule (18.015 u) | | 7.95 × 10−26 kg | Titanium atom (47.867 u) | | 10−25 | 1.79 × 10−25 kg | Silver atom (107.8682 u) | | 1.6 × 10−25 kg | Z boson (91.2 GeV/c²) | | 3.1 × 10−25 kg | Top quark (173 GeV/c²), the heaviest known elementary particle | | 3.2 × 10−25 kg | Caffeine molecule (194 u) | | 3.45 × 10−25 kg | Lead-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known | [edit] 10-25 to 10-19 kg [edit] 10-18 to 10-13 kg [edit] 10-12 to 10-7 kg | Factor (kg) | Value | Item | 10−12
nanogram (ng) | 10−12 kg | Average human cell (1 nanogram) | | 10−11 | | | | 10−10 | 3.5 × 10−10 kg | Small grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 350 nanograms) | 10−9
microgram (µg) | 2 × 10−9 kg | Mass of human ovum, uncertainty in the mass of the prototype kilogram (2 micrograms) | | 10−8 | 2.2 × 10−8 kg | Planck mass | | 10−7 | | | [edit] 10-6 to one kg [edit] one kg to 105 kg [edit] 106 to 1011 kg | Factor (kg) | Value | Item | 106
gigagram (Gg) | 1.25 × 106 kg | Trunk of the Giant Sequoia tree named General Sherman (1250 tonnes) | | 1.5 × 106 kg | Individual gate of the Thames Barrier | | 2.041 × 106 kg | Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes) | | 6 × 106 kg | Largest clonal colony, the quaking aspen named Pando (Largest living Organism)(6000 tonnes) | | 107 | 1.1 × 107 kg | Annual production of Darjeeling tea (11,000 tonnes) | | 2.6 × 107 kg | RMS Titanic (26,000 tonnes) | | 9.97 × 107 kg | Heaviest train ever (99,700 tonnes): Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record | | 108 | 6.5 × 108 kg | Largest ship, Knock Nevis, when fully loaded (650,000 tonnes) | 109
teragram (Tg) | 4.3 × 109 kg | Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second | | 6 × 109 kg | Great Pyramid of Giza | | 1010 | 6 × 1010 kg | Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure | | 1011 | 2 × 1011 kg | Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³) | | 3 × 1011 kg | Total mass of the human world population | | 5 × 1011 kg | Total biomass of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, thought to be the most plentiful creature on the planet | [edit] 1012 to 1017 kg | Factor (kg) | Value | Item | 1012
petagram (Pg) | 3.91 × 1012 kg | World oil production in 2001 | | 5.5 × 1012 kg | A teaspoon (5 ml) of neutron star material (5000 million tonne) | | ~1 × 1012 kg | The mass of a primordial black hole with an evaporation time equal to the age of the universe | | 1013 | | | | 1014 | 2–3 × 1014 kg | Amount of rock that exploded in the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in 1815 | 1015
exagram (Eg) | 1 × 1015 kg | Estimated total world coal reserves economically accessible using current mining technology | | 2.5 × 1015 kg | Amount of mass for antimatter/matter bomb needed to overcome gravitational binding energy of Earth. | | 1016 | 1 × 1016 kg | 951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft | | 1017 | 1.6 × 1017 kg | Prometheus (moon), a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring. | [edit] 1018 to 1023 kg [edit] 1024 to 1029 kg [edit] 1030 to 1035 kg [edit] 1036 to 1041 kg [edit] 1042 kg and greater This series on orders of magnitude does not have a range of larger masses - ^ Mazzetta, Gerardo V.; Christiansen, Per; Fariña, Richard A. (2004). "Giants and Bizarres: Body Size of Some Southern South American Cretaceous Dinosaurs" (PDF). Historical Biology 65: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08912960410001715132. http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-23.
- ^ Weissman, Paul R. (1983). "The mass of the Oort cloud". Astronomy and Astrophysics 118(1): 90–94. Retrieved on 2009-02-05.
- ^ Kaler, Jim. "Betelgeuse" (2008). Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ^ Dejoie, Joyce; Truelove, Elizabeth (May 2000). "What's the biggest star we know?" StarChild. NASA. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ^ "Hubble identifies what may be the most luminous star known" (1997). HubbleSite. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ^ The Astrophysics Spectator: Open Star Clusters. Retrieved 2008-09-15
- ^ Pleiades - Crystalinks. retrieved 2008-09-15
- ^ The Astrophysics Spectator: Molecular Clouds. Retrieved 2008-09-15
- ^ Olano, C. A. (August 1982). "On a model of local gas related to Gould's belt" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics 112(2): 195–208.
- ^ Ghez, A. M.; Salim, S.; Hornstein, S. D.; Tanner, A.; Lu, J. R.; Morris, M.; Becklin, E. E.; Duchêne, G. (2005). "Stellar orbits around the galactic center black hole". The Astrophysical Journal 620: 744–757, doi:10.1086/427175.
- ^ a b Karachentsev, I. D.; Kashibadze, O. G. (2006). "Masses of the local group and of the M81 group estimated from distortions in the local velocity field". Astrophysics 49(1): 3–18. doi:10.1007/s10511-006-0002-6.
- ^ Einasto, M.; Saar, E.; Liivamägi, L. J.; Einasto, J.; Tago, E.; Martínez, V. J.; Starck, J.-L.; Müller, V.; Heinämäki, P.; Nurmi, P.; Gramann, M.; Hütsi, G. (December 2007). "The richest superclusters: I. Morphology". Astronomy and Astrophysics 476(2): 697–711. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078037.
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