[edit] Events - January 29 – Nilla Pizzi wins the first annual Sanremo Music Festival with "Grazie dei fiori".[1]
- February – The first complete performance of Charles Ives's Second Symphony is given in Carnegie Hall by the New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Leonard Bernstein.[2]
- March – Alan Hovhaness conducts the world premiere of his Saint Vartan Symphony at Carnegie Hall in New York.[3]
- April 18 – an article, "The Fight Against Formalism in Art and Literature, for a Progressive German Culture" appeared in the Tägliche Rundschau, official daily of the Soviet Government in Germany, promulgating the new cultural policy of the DDR.[4]
- May 9–May 26 – The Queen Elisabeth Competition for violin is held (for the first time under that name) in Brussels, Belgium. Leonid Kogan is awarded first prize.[5]
- June 9 – Joseph Haydn's opera Orpheus and Eurydice given its world premiere at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino.[6]
- June 22–July 10 – Darmstädter Internationale Ferienkurse held in Darmstadt.
- July 2–July 14 – The seventh annual Cheltenham Music Festival is held in Cheltenham, England, with a performance of Brian Easdale's opera, The Sleeping Children, premieres of the first symphonies of Malcolm Arnold, John Gardner, and Arnold van Wyk, Franz Reizenstein's Serenade for Winds, and Maurice Jacobson's Symphonic Suite, as well as performances of works by Humphrey Searle, Robert Masters, Benjamin Frankel, and Philip Sainton.[7]
- July 11 - Disc jockey and music promoter Alan Freed broadcasts his first Rhythm and blues radio programme from station WJW in Cleveland, Ohio. Freed uses the term rock and roll to describe R&B, in an effort to introduce the music to a broader white audience.
- July 29 – The annual Bayreuth Festival resumes for the first time since the Second World War, now under the general direction of Wieland Wagner, with an opening concert of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler, followed by productions of Der Ring des Nibelungen, Parsifal, and Die Meistersinger.[8]
- August – The annual Salzburg Festival takes place in Salzburg, Austria, featuring four opera productions from the Vienna State Opera: Mozart's Idomeneo and Die Zauberflöte, and Verdi's Otello, all conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler, and Berg's Wozzeck, conducted by Karl Böhm, as well as seven orchestral concerts by the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (two conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler and one each by Edwin Fischer, Rafael Kubelik, Eugen Jochum, Karl Böhm, and Leopold Stokowski), six choral concerts, four chamber-music concerts, three solo recitals, and a number of smaller events.[9]
- September 5 – Opening of the month-long Berlin Festival of the Arts, with a performance in the New Schillertheater of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony by the Berlin Philharmonic, conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler. Subsequent musical events included performances of Gian Carlo Menotti's The Consul, Benjamin Britten's Let's Make an Opera, and the first German performance of Oklahoma!.[10]
- September 11 - The Rake's Progress, an opera by Igor Stravinsky with libretto by W. H. Auden and Chester Kallman, premieres in Venice, conducted by the composer.
- September 17–September 22 – The fourth annual Swansea Festival of Music and the Arts was opened in Swansea, Wales, with a controversial speech by one of Wales's leading composers, Daniel Jones. The festival was the final component in the Festival of Britain and consisted of seven programmes, featuring Welsh composer Arwel Hughes's new oratorio St. David and appearances by Victoria de Los Angeles, Zino Francescatti, André Navarra, Walter Susskind, and Jean Martinon.[11]
- October 6–October 7 – The Donaueschinger Musiktage features the world premieres of Ernst Krenek's Double Concerto for viola, piano, and small orchestra, Rolf Liebermann's Piano Sonata, Pierre Boulez's, Polyphonie X for 18 solo instruments, Hermann Reutter's, Der himmlische Vagant, lyrische Portrait des F. Villon von Klabund for alto and baritone voices and instrumental ensemble, and Marcel Mihalovici's Étude en deux parties for piano and ensemble, as well as German first peformances of works by Messiaen, Guido Turchi, Harsányi, Jelinek, and Honegger, and a performance of Henze's Third Symphony.[12]
- October 22 – Reopening of the Royal Opera House, London, with a production of Puccini's Turandot, conducted by Sir John Barbirolli and with Gertrude Grob-Prandl in the title role.[13]
- November 29–December 3 – The Hamburg Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt, plays four concert in London as part of a thirteen-concert tour of England and Ireland.[14]
- November - Popular songstress Dinah Shore begins her first TV series, The Dinah Shore Show, which will run for 5 1/2 years.
- December 7 – Opening of the opera season at La Scala in Milan, three weeks earlier than the traditional date of 26 December, with a double-bill consisting of Verdi's I vespri siciliani and Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress.[15]
- Johnnie Ray has his first hit.
- Teresa Brewer leaves the London label for Coral
- Georgia Gibbs leaves Coral to sign with Mercury, where she will experience all of her biggest hits
- Frankie Laine is signed by Columbia Records, becoming the highest paid vocalist of his day. He immediately justifies his new contract with the double-sided megahit "Jezebel"/"Rose, Rose, I Love You."
- Both Jackie Brentson and the Delta Cats and Bill Haley and His Saddlemen release versions of "Rocket 88". The Haley version, recorded on June 14, combines the original's rhythm and blues arrangement with country music trappings, and is considered by many musical historians to be the first true rock and roll record. Other historians contend that Brentson's RnB recording deserves this honor.
- The Suk Trio is founded, consisting of Josef Suk, Julius Katchen and Janos Starker.
- Charlie Rich's musical career begins.
- Parwin becomes the first Afghan woman to sing live on radio.
[edit] Albums released [edit] US No 1 hit singles These singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1951. | First week | Number of weeks | Title | Artist | | February 23, 1951 | 6 | "If" | Perry Como | | March 2, 1951 | 1 | "Be My Love" | Mario Lanza | | April 13, 1951 | 9 | "How High the Moon" | Les Paul & Mary Ford | | June 15, 1951 | 5 | "Too Young" | Nat King Cole | | July 20, 1951 | 6 | "Come On-a My House" | Rosemary Clooney | | August 31, 1951 | 8 | "Because of You" | Tony Bennett | | October 26, 1951 | 6 | "Cold, Cold Heart" | Tony Bennett | | December 7, 1951 | 2 | "(It's No) Sin" | Eddy Howard | | December 21, 1951 | 11 | "Cry" | Johnnie Ray & The Four Lads | [edit] Biggest hit singles The following songs achieved the highest chart positions in the limited set of charts available for 1951. | # | Artist | Title | Year | Country | Chart Entries | | 1 | Johnnie Ray | Cry | 1951 |  | US 1940s 1 - Dec 1951, US 1 for 11 weeks Dec 1951, US BB 2 of 1951, DDD 4 of 1951, RYM 5 of 1951, POP 6 of 1952, Italy 68 of 1955, Acclaimed 1084 | | 2 | Nat King Cole | Unforgettable | 1951 |  | US BB 1 of 1952, POP 1 of 1952, RYM 4 of 1951, US 1940s 14 - Nov 1951, DDD 25 of 1951, Europe 63 of the 1950s, Scrobulate 78 of vocal, WXPN 500 | | 3 | Les Paul & Mary Ford | How High the Moon | 1951 |  | US 1940s 1 - Mar 1951, US 1 for 9 weeks Apr 1951, DDD 10 of 1951, US BB 12 of 1951, POP 12 of 1951, RYM 19 of 1951, RIAA 317, Acclaimed 514 | | 4 | Nat King Cole | Too Young | 1951 |  | US 1940s 1 - Apr 1951, US 1 for 5 weeks Jun 1951, POP 1 of 1951, DDD 5 of 1951, RYM 10 of 1951 | | 5 | Mario Lanza | Be My Love | 1951 |  | US 1940s 1 - Dec 1950, US 1 for 1 weeks Mar 1951, US BB 9 of 1951, POP 9 of 1951, Europe 79 of the 1950s, RYM 137 of 1951 | [edit] Top hits on record - "Aba Daba Honeymoon" - Debbie Reynolds & Carleton Carpenter
- "Because" - Mario Lanza
- "Because Of You" - Tony Bennett
- "Belle, Belle, My Liberty Belle" - Guy Mitchell
- "Blue Tango" - Leroy Anderson & his Orchestra
- "Charmaine" - Mantovani & his Orchestra
- "Cold, Cold Heart" - Tony Bennett
- "Come On-A My House" - Rosemary Clooney
- "Cry" - Johnnie Ray & The Four Lads
- "Detour" - Patti Page
- "Down The Trail Of Achin' Hearts" - Patti Page
- "Down Yonder" recorded by:
- "Flamenco" - Frankie Laine
- "Gambella (The Gamblin' Lady)" - Frankie Laine & Jo Stafford
- "The Gang That Sang Heart Of My Heart" - Frankie Laine
- "Get Happy" - Frankie Laine
- "Get Out Those Old Records" - Guy Lombardo (The Lombardo Trio vocals)
- "The Girl In The Wood" - Frankie Laine
- "Give Me Time" - Johnnie Ray
- "Gone Fishin'" - Bing Crosby & Louis Armstrong
- "Got Him Off My Hands" - Georgia Gibbs
- "Hello, Young Lovers" recorded by:
- "Hey, Good Lookin'" - Frankie Laine & Jo Stafford
- "The Hot Canary" - Florian Zabach
- "How High The Moon" - Les Paul and Mary Ford
- "I Tawt I Taw A Puddy Tat" - Mel Blanc
- "If" - Perry Como
- "It Is No Secret" - Bill Kenny & The Song Spinners
- "It's All In the Game" - Tommy Edwards
- "It's Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas" - Perry Como & The Fontane Sisters
- "Jealousy (Jalousie)" - Frankie Laine
- "Jezebel" - Frankie Laine
- "The Little White Cloud That Cried" - Johnnie Ray & The Four Lads
- "The Loveliest Night Of The Year" - Mario Lanza
- "Lullaby of Broadway" - Doris Day
- "Mister And Mississippi" - Patti Page
- "Mockin' Bird Hill" - Patti Page
- "My Heart Cries For You" recorded by:
- "My Truly, Truly Fair" - Guy Mitchell
- "On Top Of Old Smoky" - The Weavers with Terry Gilkyson
- "Once Upon A Nickel" - Georgia Gibbs
- "One For My Baby" - Frankie Laine
- "Paths Of Paradise" - Johnnie Ray
- "Pretty-Eyed Baby" - Jo Stafford & Frankie Laine
- "Red Sails In The Sunset" - Nat King Cole
- "Rose, Rose, I Love You" - Frankie Laine
- "Shanghai" - Doris Day
- "Sin" - Eddy Howard & his Orchestra
- "Sound Off (The Duckworth Chant)" - Vaughn Monroe
- "The Sparrow In The Treetop" - Guy Mitchell
- "A Sunday Kind Of Love" - Jo Stafford
- "Sweet Violets" - Dinah Shore
- "The Syncopated Clock" - Leroy Anderson & his Orchestra
- "Tell Me" - Doris Day
- "Tell Me Why" - The Four Aces featuring Al Alberts
- "Tell The Lady I Said Goodbye" - Johnnie Ray
- "Tom's Tune" - Georgia Gibbs
- "Too Young" - Nat King Cole
- "Undecided" - The Ames Brothers
- "Vanity" - Don Cherry
- "When It's Sleep Time Down South" - Frankie Laine
- "While You Danced, Danced, Danced" - Georgia Gibbs
- "The World Is Waiting For The Sunrise" - Les Paul and Mary Ford
- "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)" - Patti Page
` [edit] Top R&B hits on record [edit] Published popular music - "Alice In Wonderland" w. Bob Hilliard m. Sammy Fain
- "All In The Golden Afternoon" w. Bob Hilliard m. Sammy Fain
- "Allentown Jail" w.m. Irving Gordon
- "And So To Sleep Again" w.m. Joe Marsala & Sunny Skylar
- "Anywhere I Wander" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "A-Round The Corner" trad arr. Josef Marais
- "Asia Minor" w.m. Roger King Mozian
- "A-Sleepin' At The Foot Of The Bed" Happy Wilson, Luther Patrick
- "Be My Life's Companion" w.m. Bob Hilliard & Milton De Lugg
- "Beautiful Brown Eyes" trad arr. Arthur Smith & Alton Delmore
- "Because of You" w.m. Arthur Hammerstein & Dudley Wilkinson
- "Belle, Belle, My Liberty Belle" w.m. Bob Merrill
- "Bermuda" w.m. Cynthia Strother & Eugene R. Strother
- "The Blacksmith Blues" w.m. Jack Holmes
- "Blue Velvet" w.m. Bernie Wayne & Lee Morris
- "Christopher Columbus" w.m. Terry Gilkyson
- "Come On-A My House" w.m. Ross Bagdasarian & William Saroyan
- "Cry" w.m. Churchill Kohlman
- "Dance Me Loose" w. Mel Howard m. Lee Erwin
- "Domino" w. (Eng) Don Raye (Fr) Jacques Plante m. Louis Ferrari
- "Getting To Know You" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "Good Morning Mister Echo" w.m. Bill Putman & Belinda Putman
- "Half As Much" w.m. Curly Williams
- "He Had Refinement" w. Dorothy Fields m. Arthur Schwartz
- "Hello, Young Lovers" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "Hey, Good Lookin"' w.m. Hank Williams
- "How Could You Believe Me When I Said I Love You When You Know I've Been A Liar All My Life?" w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Burton Lane
- "I Can't Help It (If I'm Still In Love With You)" w.m. Hank Williams
- "I Get Ideas" w. Dorcas Cochran m. Lenny Sanders
- "I Have Dreamed" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "I Love Lucy theme song" m. Eliot Daniel
- "I Love The Sunshine Of Your Smile" w. Jack Hoffman m. Jimmy MacDonald
- "I Still See Elisa" w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe
- "I Talk To The Trees" w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe
- "I Whistle A Happy Tune" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "I Wish I Wuz" w.m. Sid Kuller & Lyn Murray. Introduced in the film Slaughter Trail
- "I Won't Cry Anymore" w. Fred Wise m. Al Frisch
- "I'm A Fool To Want You" w.m. Jack Wolf, Joel Herron & Frank Sinatra
- "I'm Late" w. Bob Hilliard m. Sammy Fain
- "In The Cool, Cool, Cool Of The Evening" w. Johnny Mercer m. Hoagy Carmichael. Introduced by Bing Crosby and Jane Wyman in the film Here Comes The Groom.
- "It's All In The Game" w. Carl Sigman m. Charles Gates Dawes Based on "Melody" by Dawes 1912.
- "It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas" w.m. Meredith Willson
- "Jezebel" w.m. Wayne Shanklin
- "A Kiss To Build A Dream On" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Harry Ruby
- "Kisses Sweeter Than Wine" w. Paul Campbell m. Joel Newman
- "The Little White Cloud That Cried" w.m. Johnnie Ray
- "The March Of The Siamese Children" m. Richard Rodgers
- "Mister And Mississippi" w.m. Irving Gordon
- "Misto Cristofo Columbo" w.m. Jay Livingston & Ray Evans
- "Mockin' Bird Hill" w.m. Vaughn Horton
- "The Morningside Of The Mountain" w.m. Dick Manning & Larry Stock
- "My Truly, Truly Fair" w.m. Bob Merrill
- "No Two People" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Sail Away" w.m. Noël Coward
- "Shall We Dance?" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "Somewhere Along The Way" w. Sammy Gallop m. Kurt Adams
- "Shanghai" w.m. Bob Hilliard & Milton De Lugg
- "Shrimp Boats" w.m. Paul Mason Howard & Paul Weston
- "(It’s No) Sin" w. Chester R. Shull m. George Hoven
- "Slow Poke" w.m. Pee Wee King, Redd Stewart & Chilton Price
- "So Far, So Good" w. Betty Comden & Adolph Green m. Jule Styne from the revue Two On The Aisle
- "Something Wonderful" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "Sound Off" w.m. Willie Lee Duckworth, B. Lentz
- "Sparrow In The Tree Top" w.m. Bob Merrill
- "Suzy Snowflake" w.m. Sid Tepper & Roy C. Bennett
- "Sweet Violets" arr. Cy Coben & Charles Grean
- "Tell Me Why" w. Al Alberts m. Marty Gold
- "They Call The Wind Maria" w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe
- "The Thrill Is Gone" w.m. Rick Darnell & Roy Hawkins
- "Thumbelina" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Too Young" w. Sylvia Dee m. Sidney Lippman
- "Top Banana" w.m. Johnny Mercer from the musical Top Banana (musical)
- "The Typewriter" m. Leroy Anderson
- "Unforgettable" w.m. Irving Gordon
- "Vanity" w. Jack Manus & Bernard Bierman m. Guy Wood
- "Very Good Advice" w. Bob Hilliard m. Sammy Fain
- "A Very Merry Un-Birthday To You" w.m. Mack David, Al Hoffman & Jerry Livingston
- "Wand'rin' Star" w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe
- "We Kiss In A Shadow" w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers
- "When The World Was Young" w. (Eng) Johnny Mercer (Fr) Angela Vannier m. M. Philippe-Gerard
- "Wonderful Copenhagen" w.m. Frank Loesser
- "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)" w. Bob Russell m. Harold Spina
- Alice In Wonderland
- An American In Paris starring Gene Kelly, Leslie Caron, Oscar Levant, Georges Guétary and Nina Foch
- Call Me Mister starring Betty Grable and Dan Dailey
- Excuse My Dust starring Red Skelton, Monica Lewis, Sally Forrest, Macdonald Carey and William Demarest. Dirested by Roy Rowland.
- The Great Caruso
- Here Comes The Groom released September 20 starring Bing Crosby and Jane Wyman.
- The Lemon Drop Kid starring Bob Hope and Marilyn Maxwell.
- Lullaby Of Broadway starring Doris Day and Gene Nelson
- Mr. Imperium starring Lana Turner and Ezio Pinza
- On Moonlight Bay
- On the Riviera starring Danny Kaye, Gene Tierney and Corinne Calvet
- Purple Heart Diary starring Frances Langford, Judd Holdren, Ben Lessy and Tony Romano. Directed by Richard Quine.
- Rich, Young and Pretty starring Jane Powell, Danielle Darrieux, Wendell Corey, Vic Damone and Una Merkel
- Royal Wedding starring Fred Astaire and Jane Powell
- Show Boat
- Slaughter Trail starring Brian Donlevy, Gig Young and Virginia Grey and featuring Terry Gilkyson and Rosemary Clooney
- The Strip starring Mickey Rooney and featuring Louis Armstrong
- Two Tickets to Broadway released November 20 starring Janet Leigh, Tony Martin, Gloria DeHaven, Ann Miller and Bob Crosby.
[edit] Births - January 6 - Kim Wilson, The Fabulous Thunderbirds
- January 9 - Crystal Gayle
- January 19
- January 27
- January 30 - Phil Collins
- January 31 - Phil Manzanera, Roxy Music
- January 31 - K.C. (Harry Wayne Casey), K.C. and the Sunshine Band
- February 9 - Dennis Thomas, Kool and the Gang
- February 12 - Gil Moore, Triumph
- February 15 - Melissa Manchester
- February 27 - Steve Harley, British singer Cockney Rebel
- March 4 - Chris Rea
- March 17 - Scott Gorham, Thin Lizzy
- March 20 - Jimmie Vaughan, The Fabulous Thunderbirds
- March 21
- March 23 - Phil Keaggy, guitarist, singer
- April 3 - Mel Schacher, Question Mark & the Mysterians, Grand Funk Railroad
- April 6 - Pascal Rogé, pianist
- April 7 - Janis Ian
- April 12 - Alex Briley, The Village People
- April 13
- April 14 – Julian Lloyd Webber, cellist
- April 20 - Luther Vandross
- April 22 - Paul Carrack, Ace, Squeeze, Mike + the Mechanics
- April 27 - Ace Frehley, Kiss
- May 3 - Christopher Cross
- May 4
- May 8 - Philip Bailey, Earth, Wind & Fire
- May 10 - Ronald Banks, The Dramatics
- May 16 - Jonathan Richman
- May 19 - Joey Ramone, The Ramones
- June 3 - Deniece Williams
- June 8 - Bonnie Tyler, British singer
- June 10 - Ed McTaggart, Daniel Amos, The Road Home
- June 12 - Brad Delp, Boston
- June 12 - Bun E. Carlos, Cheap Trick
- June 15 - Steve Walsh, Kansas
- July 1 - Fred Schneider, The B-52's
- July 5 - Huey Lewis
- July 11 - Bonnie Pointer, The Pointer Sisters
- August 2 - Andrew Gold
- August 3 - John Graham, Earth, Wind & Fire
- August 4 - Lois V Vierk, composer
- August 13 - Dan Fogelberg
- August 19 - John Deacon, Queen
- August 23 - Jimi Jamison, Survivor
- August 23 - Mark Hudson, The Hudson Brothers
- August 25 - Rob Halford, Judas Priest
- August 28 - Wayne Osmond, The Osmonds
- September 2 - Mik Kaminski, Electric Light Orchestra
- September 7 - Chrissie Hynde, The Pretenders
- September 19 - Daniel Lanois
- September 22 - David Coverdale, Deep Purple, Whitesnake
- October 2 - Sting
- October 5 - Bob Geldof, Irish singer The Boomtown Rats & organizer of LiveAid
- October 6 - Kevin Cronin, REO Speedwagon
- October 7 - John Cougar Mellencamp
- October 13 - John Ford Coley, England Dan & John Ford Coley
- October 20 - Alan Greenwood, Foreigner
- October 23 - Charly García
- October 26 - Maggie Roche, The Roches
- October 27 - K. K. Downing, Judas Priest
- November 1 - Ronald Bell, Kool & the Gang
- November 13 - Bill Gibson, Huey Lewis and the News
- November 27 - Kevin Kavanaugh, Southside Johnny and The Asbury Jukes
- November 29 - Barry Goudreau, Boston
- December 4 - Gary Rossington, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Rossington-Collins Band
- December 10 - Johnny Rodriguez
- December 16 - Robben Ford
- December 21 - Nick Gilder
- December 23 - Johnny Contardo, Sha Na Na
- December 26
- December 29 - Yvonne Elliman
- December 31
- Mark Heard, American singer, songwriter
[edit] Deaths - February 3 - Fréhel, French singer, actress
- February 9 - Eddy Duchin
- February 20 - Howard Brockway, composer (born 1870)
- March 6 - Ivor Novello, operetta composer, entertainer
- March 12 - Harold Bauer, pianist and violinist (born 1873)
- March 25 - Sid Catlett, jazz drummer (born 1910)
- April 21 - Olive Fremstad, operatic soprano (born 1871)
- May 29 -
- July 9
- July 13 - Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer
- August 15 - Artur Schnabel, pianist
- August 21 - Constant Lambert, composer
- September 3 - Leo Sheffield, d'Oyly Carte star
- September 14 - Fritz Busch, conductor
- September 17 - Jimmy Yancey, US jazz pianist
- November 9 - Sigmund Romberg, composer
- November 13 - Nikolai Karlovich Medtner, pianist and composer
- date unknown
- ^ Anon. "Riviera Dei Fiori"; Anon. "Sanremo 1951", Sanremo Festival Website (Accessed 30 November 2009).
- ^ Henry Cowell, "Current Chronical: New York", Musical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (July): 396–402. Citation is on pp. 399–400.
- ^ Henry Cowell, "Current Chronical: New York", Musical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (July): 396–402. Citation is on p. 396.
- ^ Everett Helm, "Current Chronical: [Berlin]", Musical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October): 590–97.
- ^ "Queen Elisabeth Competion 1951-2008", p. 3.
- ^ Anonymous, 'First Performance of a Haydn Opera', The Times, issue 52024 (Monday, 10 June 1951): p. 4, col G.
- ^ A. J., "Cheltenham Festival", The Musical Times 92, no. 1303 (Sep., 1951): 416–17.
- ^ Adolf Aber, "Tradition and Revolution at Bayreuth", The Musical Times 92, no. 1304 (October 1951): 453–57.
- ^ David Cherniavsky, "The Salzburg Festival", The Musical Times 92, no. 1305 (November 1951): 517–18.
- ^ Anonymous, 'Berlin Festival of the Arts: Turn of Western Culture', The Times, issue 52091 (Tuesday, 28 August 1951): p. 3, col G.
- ^ Margaret Reece-Evans, "The Swansea Festival", Musical Times 92, no. 1305 (November): 516.
- ^ Donaueschinger Musiktage: Programme seit 1921.
- ^ Anonymous, 'Royal Opera House: "Turandot"', The Times, issue 52139 (Tuesday, 23 October 1951): p. 6, col F.
- ^ Anonymous, 'Visit of Hamburg Radio Orchestra: Series of Concerts', The Times, issue 52164 (Wednesday, 21 November 1951): p. 2, col F.
- ^ Anonymous, 'Opening of the Season at La Scala: Two First Performances', The Times, issue 52179 (Saturday, 8 December 1951): p. 5, col C.
- ^ Everett Helm, "Current Chronical: [Berlin]", Musical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October): 590–97. Citation on p. 594.
- ^ Wilfrid H. Mellers, "Current Chronicle:[London]", The Musical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October): 580–8.
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