1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. [edit] Events of 1923 [edit] January–February [edit] March–April [edit] May–June [edit] July–August [edit] September–October - September 1 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people, but according to a Japanese construction research center report in 2005, 105,000 are confirmed dead.
- September 4 – In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS Shenandoah, takes to the sky for the first time.
- September 6 – The Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation for the murder of an Italian officer. The League of Nations protests and they leave on September 29.
- September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven U.S. Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
- September 9 – Turkish head of state Atatürk founds the CHP.
- September 10 – Ireland joins the League of Nations.
- September 13 – Military coup in Spain: Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship. Trade unions are banned for 10 years.
- September 17 – A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
- September 18 – September 26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York.
- September 24 – Second hurricane of the season, a major hurricane north of Hispaniola.
- September 26 – In Bayern, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.
- October 13 – Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
- October 13 – The third hurricane of the season, the first recorded example of a storm crossing from the Eastern Pacific basin into the Atlantic basin, occurred in Oaxaca.
- October 14 – Fourth tropical storm of the year, formed just north of Panama.
- October 15 – Fifth tropical storm of the year, formed north of the Leeward Islands.
- October 16 – The sixth tropical storm developed in the Gulf of Mexico. It was a rare occurrence, it consisted of four active tropical storms simultaneously.
- October 16 – Roy and Walt Disney Founded The Walt Disney Company.
- October 26 – In Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
- October 29 – Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
[edit] November–December - November 1 – The Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
- November 8 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
- November 12 – Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.
- November 15 – The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency (see inflation in the Weimar Republic).
- November 23 – Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses in Germany.
- December 12 – In Italy, the Po River dam bursts, killing 600.
- December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by 9 men, who secured permission to do so from the Pope.
- December 27 – The crown prince of Japan survives an assassination attempt in Tokyo.
[edit] Undated [edit] Ongoing [edit] Births [edit] January–February - January 1
- January 5 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)
- January 6 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)
- January 7 – Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
- January 8 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)
- January 11 – Ernst Nolte, German historian.
- January 16 – Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
- January 19 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (All In The Family)
- January 23
- January 25 – Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- January 26 – Anne Jeffreys, American actress
- January 29 – Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
- January 31 – Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist (d. 2007)
- February 2
- February 7 – George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood and first grandchild of King George V
- February 9 – Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)
- February 10 – Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
- February 12 – Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
- February 13 – Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)
- February 13 – Chuck Yeager, American test pilot and NASA official
- February 20 – Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)
- February 24 – David Soyer, American cellist
- February 27 – Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)
[edit] March–April - March 4 – Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
- March 6 – Ed McMahon, American television personality (The Tonight Show) (d. 2009)
- March 7 – Mahlon Clark, American musician (d. 2007)
- March 8 – Louk Hulsman, Dutch criminologist (d. 2009)
- March 9 – Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
- March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- March 12 – Wally Schirra, American astronaut (d. 2007)
- March 14 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
- March 21 – Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
- March 22 – Marcel Marceau, world renowned French mime (d. 2007)
- March 24 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
- March 25 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
- March 26 – Bob Elliott, American comedian
- March 27 – Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
- March 28 – Thad Jones, American jazz musician (d. 1986)
- March 30 – Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)
- April 2 – G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
- April 6 – Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)
- April 8
- April 13 – Don Adams, American actor and comedian (Get Smart) (d. 2005)
- April 20 – Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
- April 22
- April 23 – Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
- April 25 – Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)
- April 30
[edit] May–June - May 1 – Joseph Heller, American novelist (Catch-22) (d. 1999)
- May 2 – Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (d. 2008)
- May 3 – Ralph Hall, American politician
- May 4 – Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)
- May 5 – Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)
- May 7 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
- May 10 – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan from June 1993 to October 2003 (d. 2003)
- May 15 – John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)
- May 16 – Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
- May 18 – Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)
- May 21
- May 23 – Kalidas Shrestha, Nepalese artist
- May 26 – James Arness, American actor (Gunsmoke)
- May 27 – Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- May 28
- May 31 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
- June 4 – Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)
- June 10 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)
- June 15 – Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)
- June 20 – Bjørn Watt-Boolsen, Danish actor (d. 1998)
- June 24 – Jack Carter, American comedian
- June 27 – Gus Zernial, American baseball player and sports commentator
- June 28 – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (d. 1980)
[edit] July–August - July 2 – Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 4 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
- July 8 – Harrison Dillard, American athlete
- July 18 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
- July 20 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
- July 21 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 22
- July 23
- July 28 – H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educator
- July 29 – Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification
- August 3 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of Coptic Christianity
- August 5 – Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)
- August 16 – Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
- August 20 – Jim Reeves, American country singer (d. 1964)
- August 21
- August 24 – Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
- August 26 – Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
- August 29 – Marmaduke Hussey, Baron Hussey of North Bradley, chairman of the BBC (d. 2006)
[edit] September–October - September 1
- September 3 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (Beetle Bailey)
- September 6 – King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
- September 7 – Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)
- September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)
- September 16 – Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
- September 17 – Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)
- September 18 – Queen Anne of Romania
- September 20 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
- September 22 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
- September 26 – Dev Anand, Indian actor
- October 3 – Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
- October 4 – Charlton Heston, American actor (The Ten Commandments) (d. 2008)
- October 5
- October 10 – Murray Walker, British motor racing commenator
- October 13 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)
- October 15 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)
- October 17 – Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)
- October 23
- October 24 – Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)
[edit] November–December - November 1
- November 3 – Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1990)
- November 8 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)
- November 18 – Alan Shepard, first American astronaut (d. 1998)
- November 20 – Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 22 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
- November 23 – Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)
- November 25 – Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland
- November 26 – Pat Phoenix, British actress (d. 1986)
- December 2 – Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)
- December 12 – Bob Barker, American game show host (The Price Is Right)
- December 13
- December 14
- December 15 – Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
- December 17 – Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)
- December 23 – James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral and vice presidential candidate (d. 2005)
- December 24 – George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)
- December 25 – Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- date unknown – Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist
[edit] Deaths [edit] January–June - January 3 – Jaroslav Hasek, Czech writer (b. 1883)
- January 9
- January 11 – Constantine I of Greece, King of Greece (b. 1868)
- January 18 – Wallace Reid, American actor (b. 1891)
- January 23 – Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)
- January 31 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)
- February 3 – Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)
- February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
- February 23 – Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)
- March 8 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
- March 26 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)
- March 27 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)
- March 28 – Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)
- April 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)
- April 5 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)
- April 23 – Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)
- June 9 – Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)
- June 10 – Pierre Loti, French writer and naval officer (b. 1850)
- June 24 – Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)
[edit] July–December - July 10 – Albert Chevalier, English music hall comedian (b. 1861)
- July 23 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
- August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)
- August 24 – Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)
- September 9 – Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)
- October 30 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
- November 9 (among those killed in Munich Beer Hall Putsch):
- November 14 – Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)
- November 30 – Martha Mansfield, American actress (b. 1899)
- December 12 – Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)
- December 13 – Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)
- December 27 – Gustave Eiffel, French engineer and architect (Eiffel tower) (b. 1892)
- date unknown – Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b. 1867)
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