1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). Although this year is often held to be the last of the nineteenth century, 1900 is technically the last year according to the "traditional" reckoning. [edit] Events of 1899 [edit] January–March [edit] April–June - April 15 – Students at the University of California, Berkeley steal the Stanford Axe from Stanford University yell leaders following a baseball game, thus establishing the Axe as a symbol of the rivalry between the schools.
- May 3 – Ferencvarosi Torna Club is founded.
- May 14 – Three times world champion Club Nacional de Football is founded.
- May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference was opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of The Netherlands.
- May 31 – The launch of the Harriman Alaska Expedition.
- June 12 – A tornado completely destroys the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200.
- June 22 – June 27 – The highest ever recorded individual cricket score, 628 not out, is made by A. E. J. Collins.
- June 25 – Three Denver, Colorado newspapers publish a story (later proved to be a fabrication) that the Chinese government under the Guangxu Emperor is going to demolish the Great Wall of China.
- June 27 – The paperclip is patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor.[2]
- June 30 – Mile-a-Minute Murphy earns his famous nickname this day, after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for one mile in under a minute on Long Island.
[edit] July–September - July 17
- July 19 – The Newsboys Strike takes place when the Newsies of New York go on strike (strike lasts until August 2).
- July 29 – The first Peace Conference ends with the signing of the Hague Convention.
- July 30 – The Harriman Alaska Expedition ends successfully.
- August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- August 17 – A hurricane makes landfall in North Carolina's Outer Banks, completely destroying the town of Diamond City.
- August 28 – At least 512 are killed when a debris hill from the Sumitomo Besshi copper mine at Niihama, Shikoku, Japan, collapses after heavy rain; 122 houses, a smelting factory, hospital and many other facilities are destroyed.[citation needed]
- September 13 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
- September 19 – Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned.
[edit] October–December [edit] Undated [edit] Births [edit] January–March - January 1 – Jack Beresford, British Olympic rower (d. 1977)
- January 6 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German automotive engineer (d. 1968)
- January 7 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
- January 11 – Eva LeGallienne, English actress (d. 1991)
- January 12 – Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
- January 14 – Carlos Romulo, Filipino diplomat (d. 1985)
- January 15 – Goodman Ace, American actor, comedian, and writer (d. 1982)
- January 17
- January 20 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television development pioneer (d. 1990)
- January 21 – Dr John Bodkin Adams, suspected British serial killer (d. 1983)
- January 30 – Max Theiler, South African virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
- February 3
- February 6 – Ramón Novarro, Mexican actor (d. 1968)
- February 7 – Earl Whitehill, American baseball player (d. 1954)
- February 15
- February 17 – Leo Najo, American baseball player (d. 1978)
- February 22
- February 23 – Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
- February 26
- February 27 – Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (d. 1978)
- March 11 – King Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
- March 13 – John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
- March 18 – Jean Goldkette, French-born musician (d. 1962)
- March 24 – Dorothy C. Stratton, American director of the SPARS during World War II (d. 2006)
- March 27 – Gloria Swanson, American actress (d. 1983)
- March 28 – August Anheuser Busch, Jr., Founder of Anheuser-Busch brewery company (d. 1989)
- March 28 – Harold B. Lee, eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1973)
- March 29 – Lavrenty Beria, Soviet official (d. 1953)
[edit] April–June - April 1 – Gustavs Celmins, Latvian fascist leader (d. 1968)
- April 7 – Robert Casadesus, French pianist (d. 1972)
- April 16 – Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (d. 1988)
- April 21 – Percy Lavon Julian, American scientist (d. 1975)
- April 22 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (d. 1977)
- April 23 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- April 24 – Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (d. 1986)
- April 27 – Walter Lantz, American animator (d. 1994)
- April 29 – Duke Ellington, American jazz musician, bandleader (d. 1974)
- May 8 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- May 10
- May 12 – Indra Devi, Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. 2002)
- May 15 – Jean-Etienne Valluy, French general (d. 1970)
- May 24 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (d. 1938)
- June 1 – Edward Charles Titchmarsh, British mathematician (d. 1963)
- June 2 – Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (d. 1981)
- June 3 – Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
- June 12 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
- June 13 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)
- June 14 – Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
- June 26 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
- June 27 – Juan Trippe, American airline entrepreneur and pioneer (d. 1981)
- June 30 – Harry Shields, American jazz clarinettist (d. 1971)
[edit] July–September - July 5 – Marcel Achard, French play and scriptwriter (d. 1974)
- July 7 – George Cukor, American film director (d. 1983)
- July 10 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
- July 11 – E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
- July 15 – Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
- July 17 – James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
- July 21
- July 22 – King Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)
- July 29 – Walter Beall, American baseball player (d. 1959)
- August 4 – Ezra Taft Benson, thirteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1994)
- August 9 – Paul Kelly, stage & film actor (d. 1956)
- August 13 – Alfred Hitchcock, British film director (d. 1980)
- August 24
- August 29 –
- August 30 – Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer (d. 1994)
- September 1 – Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, Russian-born Soviet writer (d. 1951)
- September 3 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
- September 9
- September 13 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
- September 17 – Harold Bennett, British actor (d. 1981)
- September 21 – Frederick Coutts, 8th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1986)
- September 28 – Boris Efimov, Russian political cartoonist (d. 2008)
[edit] October–December - October 1 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
- October 3 – Gertrude Berg, American actress (d. 1966)
- October 5 – Georg, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1963)
- October 9 – Bruce Catton, American Civil War historian, Pulizer Prize winner (1954) (d. 1978)
- October 19 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- October 20 – Evelyn Brent, American actress (d. 1975)
- November 13 – Vera Caspary, American screenwriter, novelist, playwright (d. 1987)
- November 15
- November 17 – Douglas Shearer, American film sound engineer (d. 1971)
- November 18 – Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (d. 1985)
- November 21 – Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)
- November 23 – Manuel dos Reis Machado, Brazilian martial arts Master (d. 1974)
- November 24 – Soraya Tarzi, Afghan feminist and queen (d. 1968)
- December 2
- December 3 – Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
- December 9 – Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (d. 1937)
- December 15 – Harold Abrahams, British athlete (d. 1978)
- December 16 – Noel Coward, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1973)
- December 18 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian author and philosopher (d. 1990)
- December 25 – Humphrey Bogart, American actor (d. 1957)
- December 28 – Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (d. 1943)
- December 29 – Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist military leader (d. 1992)
- December 31 – Friedrich Panse, German psychiatrist (d. 1973)
[edit] Deaths [edit] January–June - January 16 – Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, President of the First Spanish Republic (b. 1832)
- January 23 – Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (b. 1831)
- January 31 – Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, Princess-consort of Bulgaria (b. 1870)
- February 6
- February 16 – Félix Faure, President of France (b. 1841)
- February 25 – Paul Julius Reuter, German-born news agency founder (b. 1816)
- March 3 – William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
- March 6 – Princess Kaiulani, last monarch of Hawaii (b. 1875)
- April 5 – T. E. Ellis, Welsh politician (b. 1859)
- April 7 – Pieter Rijke, Dutch physicist (b. 1812)
- April 16 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (b. 1875)
- May 24 – William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher, British law lord (b. 1817)
- June 3 – Johann Strauss, Jr., Austrian composer (b. 1825)
- June 4 – Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (b. 1835)
- June 10 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
[edit] July–December - July 18 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)
- July 21 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician (b. 1833)
- July 27 – Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, German chess-master (b. 1818)
- August 16 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
- September 2 – Ernest Renshaw, British tennis player (b. 1861)
- September 12 – Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (b. 1843)
- September 17 – Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American industrialist (b. 1842)
- October 2 – Percy Pilcher, British aviation pioneer & glider pilot (b. 1866)
- October 30 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1816)
- November 16
- November 21 – Garret A. Hobart, 24th Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)
- November 23 – Thomas Henry Ismay, British owner of the White Star Line (b. 1837)
- November 24 – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Sudanese political and religious leader (killed in battle) (b. 1846)
- December 2 – Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (killed in battle) (b. 1875)
- December 10 – King Ngwane V of Swaziland (b. 1876)
- December 22 – Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (b. 1837)
- ^ "Calendar in year 1899 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: Julian-1899 (Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).
- ^ Inventors: Paperclip
- ^ Island at the End of the World By Steven R. Fischer p. 153
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