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[edit] Incumbents

January 9 – The British clipper ship Thermopylae arrives in Melbourne, having sailed from London in the record time of 64 days.
February 5 – A large gold nugget, named The Welcome Stranger, is found at Moliagul, Victoria.
February 5 - George Goyder establishes a settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin.
March 3 – William Lanne, known as "King Billy", the last full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal dies. His body is secretly dismembered and his skull removed while in the morgue, and Dr William Crowther, future Premier of Tasmania, is suspected as the culprit.
March 5 – The New South Wales government declares that Saint Patrick's Day, St. Andrew's Day and St George's Day are no longer public holidays.
March 24 – A fatal case of cholera is reported in Sydney.
May 8 – The bushranger Captain Moonlite holds up a bank in Mount Egerton, Victoria.
June 22 – Prince Alfred College opens in Adelaide, South Australia.
October 18 – The Lithgow Zig Zag Railway was opened.

May 1 – A submarine telegraph cable is completed, joining Tasmania to the mainland.

January 20 – F. Matthias Alexander, actor (d. 1955)
February 21 – Ernest Roberts, politician (d. 1913)
March 10 – John Longstaff, war artist (d. 1941)
March 23 – William Robson, politician (d. 1951)
April 11 – John Patrick McGlinn, soldier (d. 1946)
April 13 – Vida Goldstein, feminist and politician (d. 1949)
April 27 – May Moss, feminist and suffragette (d. 1948)
May 2 – Mark Davidson, politician (d. 1949)
May 2 – Florence Stawell, classical scholar (d. 1936)
May 14 – Percy Abbott, soldier and politician (d. 1940)
May 15 – John Storey, Premier of New South Wales (d. 1921)
May 18 – Harold William Grimwade, soldier (d. 1949)
May 19 – William Gibson, politician (d. 1955)
May 23 – George Beeby, judge, politician and author (d. 1942)
July 11 – Peter McAlister, cricketer (d. 1938)
July 21 – John McDonald, politician (d. 1934)
August 6 – Marie Pitt, poet (d. 1948)
August 7 – E. J. Brady, poet (d. 1952)
August 8 – George James Coates, artist (d. 1930)
August 28 – Albert Fuller Ellis, prospector (d. 1951)
September 28 – John Hutton Bisdee, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1930)
October 24 – Charlie McLeod, cricketer (d. 1918)
September 30 – Ernie Jones, cricketer (d. 1943)
December 7 – Frank Laver, cricketer (d. 1919)
December 13 – John Shirlow, artist (d. 1936)
December 21 – Albert Green, politician (d. 1940)
December 29 – Bill Howell, cricketer (d. 1940)