The 17th Century was that century which lasted from 1601 to 1700 in the Gregorian calendar. The 17th Century falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis XIV, and the beginning of modern science and philosophy, including the contributions by bloody warfare throughout the century, by the Thirty Years' War,[1] the Great Turkish War, the end of the Dutch Revolt and the English Civil War among others, while European colonization of the Americas began in earnest. In the east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the Ottoman, Persian and Mughal empires, the beginning of the Edo period in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China. The Scientific Revolution ended in the late 17th century. [edit] Events - 1600: Giordano Bruno is burned at the stake for heresy in Rome.
- 1600: Battle of Sekigahara in Japan. End of the Warring States period and beginning of the Edo period.
- 1601: Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
- 1601: Michael the Brave (first unificator of Romania), voivode of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, is assassinated by the order of the Habsburg general Giorgio Basta at Câmpia Turzii.
- 1601–1603: The Russian famine of 1601–1603 kills perhaps a third of Russia.
- 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age.
- 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England.
- 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which rules the country until 1868.
- 1603–1623: After modernizing his army, Abbas I expands the Persian Empire by capturing territory from the Ottomans and the Portuguese.
- 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England.
- 1605: The fortresses of Veszprém en Visegrad are retaken by the Ottomans.
- 1606: The Long War between the Ottoman Empire and Austria is ended with the Peace of Zsitvatorok.
- 1606: Captain Willem Janszoon and his crew aboard the Dutch East India Company ship Duyfken becomes the first recorded Europeans to sight and make landfall in Australia.
- 1607: Jamestown, Virginia, is settled as what would become the first permanent English colony in North America.
- 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada).
- 1609: The Netherlands and Spain agree to a Twelve Years' Truce in the Eighty Years' War.
- 1609: Pedro de Peralta, a later governor of New Mexico, establishes the settlement of Santa Fe.
- 1609: Maximilian of Bavaria establishes the Catholic League.
[edit] Significant people - Anne of Austria, Queen consort and regent of France (1601 – 1666)
- Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1594–1632)
- Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, lover of Louis XIV (1641 – 1707)
- Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV (1635 – 1719)
- Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (1621 – 1675)
- Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580–1629)
- Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (1630–1680)
- Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 – 1689)
- Charles I of England (1600 – 1649)
- Charles II of England (1630 – 1685)
- Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 – 1658)
- Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 – 1712)
- Elizabeth I of England (1533 – 1603)
- Tokugawa Ieyasu, The founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, (1543 – 1616)
- James I of England (1566 – 1625)
- James II of England (1633 – 1701)
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 – 1705)
- Louis XIV, King of France (1638 – 1715)
- Mary II of England (1662 – 1694)
- Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 – 1661)
- André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (1613 – 1700)
- Peter the Great, Russian tsar (1672 – 1725)
- Philip IV of Spain, Spanish king (1605 – 1665)
- Popé, Tewa religious leader, led the Pueblo Revolt (ca. 1630 – ca. 1688)
- Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 – 1681)
- Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 – 1642)
- Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (1607 – 1676)
- Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1629 – 1696)
- Tessouat, Chief of the Algonquin
- Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 – 1705)
- Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 – 1650)
- Albrecht von Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the Thirty Years' War (1583 – 1634)
- William III of England (1650 – 1702), Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Republic of the United Provinces and King of England
- Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of the Republic of the United Provinces – 1625 – 1672
[edit] Musicians and composers - Johann Christoph Bach, Composer and great-uncle of the genius, (1642–1703)
- Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685–1750)
- Georg Friedrich Handel, German Composer (1685–1759)
- Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (1632 – 1687)
- Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever (1567 – 1643)
- Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706), German composer
- Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 – 1695)
- Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, French composer and the subject of a 1991 film Tous les matins du monde (c. 1640 – 1700)
- Antonio Vivaldi Italian composer (four seasons concerti) (1678–1741)
[edit] Visual artists - Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor, architect (1598 – 1680)
- Francesco Borromini, Italian sculptor, architect (1599–1667)
- Frans Hals (1580–1666)
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (1617 – 1682)
- José de Ribera, Lo Spagnoletto (1591 – 1652)
- Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 – 1669)
- Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter, 1577 – 1640
- Jan Steen (1626–1679)
- Ruisdael (1628–1682)
- Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (1669 – 1732)
- Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599–1660)
- Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (1632 – 1675)
- Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish Painter (1598 – 1664)
[edit] Literature - Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist (1600 – 1681)
- Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 – 1616)
- Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 – 1684)
- Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (1636 – 1711)
- Daniel Defoe, English writer, novelist (1659 or 1661 – 1731)
- John Donne, English metaphysical poet (1572 – 1631)
- John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 – 1700)
- Jean de La Fontaine, French poet (1621 – 1695)
- Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist (1616 – 1664)
- Ben Jonson, English dramatist c.1572 – 1637)
- John Milton, English author and poet (1608 – 1674)
- Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 – 1673)
- Miyamoto Musashi, famous Samurai warrior in Japan, author of 'The Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on strategy and martial combat, poet, painter, (1584 – 1645)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 – 1703)
- Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (1580 – 1645)
- Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 – 1699)
- William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 – 1616)
- Félix Lope de Vega, Spanish playwright and poet (1562 – 1635)
- John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (1647 – 1680)
[edit] Educators [edit] Exploration [edit] Science and philosophy - Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician (1561–1626)
- Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605–1682)
- Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer, (1605–1694)
- Abraham Darby I, English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace (1678 – 1717)
- René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 – 1650)
- Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
- Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 – 1642)
- Pierre Gassendi, (1592 – 1655), French philosopher, priest, scientist, astronomer/astrologer [1], and mathematician
- William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
- Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 – 1679)
- Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 – 1695)
- Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 – 1630)
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist and the first person to use a microscope to view bacteria (1632 – 1723)
- Christopher Wren, English architect and scientist (1632 – 1723)
- Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 – 1716)
- John Locke, English philosopher (1632 – 1704)
- Marin Mersenne, (1588 – 1648), French theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist, referred to as the father of acoustics.
- Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 – 1727)
- Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 – 1662
- Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 – 1677)
- Sir Anthony Weldon (1583–1648), English courtier and politician.
[edit] Inventions, discoveries, introductions List of 17th century inventions Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific revolution. [edit] References - ^ "The Thirty-Years-War". Western New England College. http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/30yearswar.html. Retrieved 2008-05-24.
- ^ The Tatar Khanate of Crimea
- ^ Saint Luke as a Painter before Christ on the Cross. Humanities Web. Retrieved 30 September, 2007.
[edit] Decades and years |
