Year 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

[edit] Events of 1648

[edit] January–June

Treaty of Munster

Holy Roman Empire 1648

Europe in 1648, post Treaty of Westphalia

• January 17 – England's Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
• January 30 – The Dutch and the Spanish sign the Treaty of Munster, ending the Eighty Years' War. The Spanish Empire recognizes the Dutch Republic of United Netherlands as a sovereign state, (governed by the House of Orange-Nassau and the Estates General) which was before a province of the Spanish Empire.
• January – The beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine then in the Republic of Both Nations (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), which continues until 1654, and results, among other things, in the massacre of an estimated 100,000 Jews.
• April 19 – The Portuguese army defeats the Dutch army in the north of Brazil.

[edit] July–December

• October 24 – The Treaty of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War.
• November 11 – France and the Netherlands agree that Mto divide the island of Sint Maarten/Saint Martin.
• December 11 – Pride's Purge occurs in England, with elements of the New Model Army, under the leadership of Henry Ireton invading London and expelling a majority of the Long Parliament, resulting in the creation of the Rump Parliament.

• August – The Arabs besieged Muscat, Oman
• October 31 A treaty was signed between the Arabs and the Portuguese. The terms were as follows: the Portuguese should build the fortress of Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn (UAE), and Matrah (Oman).[1]

[edit] Undated

• Battle of Stirling (1648) took place.
• Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
• Admiral Robert Blake defeats Prince Rupert and the remnants of the Royalist navy in the English Civil War.
• In India, building of the Red Fort is completed.
• Semyon Dezhnev discovers the Bering Strait between Asia and North America.
• The west bank of Prague (including the Prague Castle) is occupied and looted by Swedish armies.
• Sabbatai Zevi declares himself the Messiah at Smyrna.
• A major earthquake strikes Van, a town in Ottoman Armenia.
• French intervention ends.
• The Fronde begins.

[edit] Ongoing events

• English Civil War (1642–1649)
• Dutch-Portuguese War
• Estimate of when Taj Mahal was finished.

[edit] Births

• January 1 – Elkanah Settle, English writer (d. 1724)
• February 23 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730)
• April 4 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-born woodcarver (d. 1721)
• April 7 – John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, English statesman and poet (d. 1721)
• April 9 – Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
• April 13 – Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon, French mystic (d. 1717)
• April 26 – King Peter II of Portugal (d. 1712)
• August 9 – Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)
• December 15 – Gregory King, English statistician (d. 1712)
• date unknown – Bhai Ghanaiya, Indian social worker, founder of modern-day Red Cross (d. 1718)

See also Category:1648 births.

[edit] Deaths

• February 2 – George Abbot, English writer (b. c.1605)
• February 28 – Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1577)
• March 12 – Tirso de Molina, Spanish writer (b. 1571)
• March 14 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general (b. 1584)
• April 12 – Catharina Belgica of Nassau, regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1578)
• May 20 – King Wladislaus IV of Poland (b. 1595)
• May 26 – Vincent Voiture, French poet (b. 1597)
• August 12 – Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1615)
• August 20 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (b. 1583)
• September 1 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
• November 17 – Thomas Ford, English composer (b. c. 1580)

See also Category:1648 deaths.