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arpa
Introduced 1985
TLD type Infrastructure domain
Status Active
Registry IANA
Sponsor Internet Architecture Board
Intended use Address and Routing Parameter Area: Internet infrastructure such as reverse IP lookup.
Registration restrictions No domain registrations possible, new subdomains rarely added
Structure Second-level domains provide special name spaces for database functions
Documents RFC 3172
Dispute policies None
Website IANA .arpa info

The domain name arpa is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet used exclusively for infrastructure purposes. While the name originally was the acronym for the Advanced Research Projects Agency, the funding organization in the United States that developed ARPANET, the precursor of the Internet, it now stands for Address and Routing Parameter Area.

arpa primarily contains the reverse domain name resolution domains in-addr.arpa and ip6.arpa for IPv4 and IPv6, respectively.

Contents

[edit] History

The arpa top-level domain was the first domain installed in the Domain Name System (DNS). It was originally intended to be a temporary domain to facilitate the transition of the ARPANET host naming conventions and the host table distribution methods to the Domain Name System. The ARPANET was the predecessor to the Internet, established by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). When the Domain Name System was introduced in 1985, ARPANET host names were initially converted to domain names by adding the arpa domain name label to the end of the existing host name, separated with a full stop. Domain names of this form were subsequently rapidly phased out by replacing them with domain names under the newly introduced, categorized top-level domains.

After arpa had served its transitional purpose, it proved impractical to remove the domain, because in-addr.arpa was used for reverse DNS lookup of IP addresses.[1] For example, the mapping of the IP address 145.97.39.155 to a host name is obtained by issuing a DNS query for a pointer record of the domain name 155.39.97.145.in-addr.arpa.

It was intended that new infrastructure databases would be created in the top-level domain int. However, in May 2000 this policy was reversed, and it was decided that arpa should be retained for this purpose, and int should be used solely by international organizations.[2] In accordance with this new policy, arpa now officially stands for Address and Routing Parameter Area (a backronym).[3]

[edit] Second-level domains

[edit] ARPA zone file

As of July 2009 the arpa DNS zone file contains the following DNS records, which provide the authoritative name servers for the TLD and for each of its six subdomains.

 arpa.                   86400   IN      SOA     A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. NSTLD.VERISIGN-GRS.COM. 2009072001 1800 900 604800 86400 arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. arpa.                   518400  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      NS0.VERIO.NET. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      SEC3.APNIC.NET. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      SUNIC.SUNET.SE. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      NS-PRI.RIPE.NET. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      TINNIE.ARIN.NET. E164.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      E164-ARPA.CNNIC.NET.CN. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IN-ADDR.arpa.           172800  IN      NS      M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. IP6.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      NS.ICANN.ORG. IP6.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      NS2.LACNIC.NET. IP6.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      SEC1.APNIC.NET. IP6.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      NS-SEC.RIPE.NET. IP6.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      TINNIE.ARIN.NET. IRIS.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      A.IANA-SERVERS.NET. IRIS.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      B.IANA-SERVERS.NET. IRIS.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      C.IANA-SERVERS.NET. IRIS.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      NS2.LACNIC.NET. IRIS.arpa.              172800  IN      NS      SEC3.APNIC.NET. URI.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      A.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URI.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      B.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URI.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      C.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URI.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      NS2.LACNIC.NET. URI.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      SEC3.APNIC.NET. URN.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      A.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URN.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      B.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URN.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      C.IANA-SERVERS.NET. URN.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      NS2.LACNIC.NET. URN.arpa.               172800  IN      NS      SEC3.APNIC.NET. VRSN-END-OF-ZONE-MARKER-DUMMY-RECORD.arpa. 172800 IN TXT "plenus"

[edit] References

  1. ^ RFC 1035, Mockapetris, Paul (November 1987). "IN-ADDR.ARPA domain". Domain Names - Implementation and Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. pp. 22 – 23. sec. 3.5. RFC 1035. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-3.5. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 
  2. ^ "IAB Statement on Infrastructure Domain and Subdomains". Archived from the original on 2009-05-11. http://www.webcitation.org/5ghMmXp5G. Retrieved 2009-05-08. 
  3. ^ RFC 3172, Huston, Geoff, ed (September 2001). Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address and Routing Parameter Area Domain ("arpa"). Internet Engineering Task Force. BCP 52. RFC 3172. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3172. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 
  4. ^ RFC 3405, Mealling, Michael (October 2002). Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Part Five: URI.ARPA Assignment Procedures. IETF. BCP 65. RFC 3405. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3405. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 

[edit] External links

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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.arpa"



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